ROSACEZ. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 3 
CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO. 
Cocoa Plum. 
STAMENS indefinite. 
broadly elliptical or round-obovate. 
Chrysobalanus Icaco, Linnzus, Spec. 513 (excl. vars.).— 
Jacquin, Hnum. Pl. Carib. 23; Stirp. Am. 154, t. 94; 
Select. Stirp. Am. Hist. 75, t. 141.— Icon. Am. Gewich. 
ii. 36, t. 157. — Aublet, Pl. Guian. i. 513. — Houttuyn, 
Syst. i. 756, t. 11, £. 2. — Lamarck, Dict. iii. 224; IIL. ii. 
542, t. 428. — Willdenow, Syec. ii. pt. ii. 998. — Persoon, 
Syn. ii. 86. — Rees, Cyclopedia, viii. — Poiret, Lam. 
Dict. Suppl. iii. 185.— Lunan, Hort. Jam. i. 211.— 
Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Spec. vi. 
244.— Kunth, Syn. Pl. Afquin. iii. 483. — De Candolle, 
Stone 5 or 6-angled, imperfectly 5 or 6-valved. 
Leaves 
Hist. Vég. i. 369, t.5, £. 4. — Torrey & Gray, F7. N. Am. 
i. 406.— Dietrich, Syn. iii. 46. — Walpers, Rep. ii. 1; 
Ann. iv. 642. — Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 91. — 
Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. ii. 90. — Richard, Fl. Cub. 
ii. 237. — Chapman, FV. 119. — Grisebach, F?. Brit. W. 
Ind. 229. —Schnizlein, Icon. t. 274. — Baillon, Adanso- 
nia, vii. 221; Hist. Pl. i. 427, £.486, 487. — Hooker f. 
Martius Fl. Brasil. xiv. pt. ii. 7. —Hemsley, Bot. Biol. 
Am. Cent. i. 8365. — Eggers, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 18, 
50.— Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. 8. 
ix. 64. 
Chrysobalanus Icaco, £. purpureus, Persoon, Syn. ii. 36. 
Prodr. ii. 525.—Dict. Sci. Nat. xxii. 480, t. 236.—Sprengel, 
Syst. ii. 478. —Tussac, Fl. Antill. iv. 91, t. 31.— May- 
cock, Fl. Barb. 215. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 477. — Spach, 
A tree, twenty-five to thirty feet in height, with a long straight trunk occasionally a foot im 
diameter, or more often a tall broad bush with many upright virgate branches, or often, in exposed 
situations, a semiprostrate shrub a foot or two high. The bark of the trunk is an eighth of an inch 
thick, with a light gray surface tinged with red which separates into long thin scales. The branches, 
when they first appear, are glabrous or sometimes slightly pilose and dark reddish brown ; they are 
soon marked with conspicuous pale lenticels, and in their second year are brown or gray-brown. The 
leaves are broadly elliptical or round-obovate, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, and wedge- 
shaped at the base; they are borne on short stout petioles, and are glabrous, coriaceous, obscurely 
reticulate-veined, dark green and lustrous on the upper, and light yellow-green on the lower surface, 
with broad conspicuous midribs rounded on the upper side, and thin primary veins; they vary from an 
inch to three inches and a half in length, and from an inch to two inches and a half in width, and, 
standing on the branches at an acute angle, seem to be pressed against them. The stipules are acumi- 
nate, an eighth of an inch in length, and early deciduous. The flowers are produced in cymes one 
to two inches in length, which in Florida appear continuously on the growing branches during the 
spring and summer months; they are borne on short thick club-shaped pedicels which, like the acute 
deciduous bracts and bractlets, and the outer surface of the calyx, are covered with thick hoary tomen- 
tum. ‘The calyx-lobes are nearly triangular, acute, more or less pubescent on the inner surface, and 
half the length of the narrow spatulate white petals. The stamens are exserted, with slender hairy 
filaments, and are sometimes abortive on one side of the flower by the suppression of some of the 
anthers. The ovary is covered with hoary pubescence, and from its base rises the long slender style, 
clothed nearly to the apex with pale hairs. The fruits, of which one or two only develop from an 
inflorescence, are nearly spherical, or often slightly ovoid, and from two thirds of an inch to an inch 
and a half in diameter; the skin is smooth, bright pink, yellow, purple, creamy white, or sometimes 
nearly black; the flesh is white, sweet, and juicy, often a quarter of an inch thick, and more or less 
adherent to the stone. This is pointed at both ends, five or six-angled, especially below the middle, 
half an inch to an inch and a quarter in length and twice as long as broad, indehiscent, or finally 
dehiscent into five or six valves; the wall is composed of a thin red-brown dry outer layer, and a thick 
