ROSACEZ. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 35 
PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA. 
Wild Red Cherry. 
CALYX-LOBES obtuse, entire. Stone 
pointed. : 
Prunus Pennsylvanica, Linneus f. Syst. ed. 18, Suppl. 
252.— Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 248; Spec. ii. pt. ii. 
992; Enum. 518.—Abbot, Insects of Georgia, i.t. 45.— 
Poiret, Lam. Dict. v. 673.— Persoon, Syn. ii. 35. — 
“Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 331. —Nuttall, Gen. i. 302. — 
Sprengel, Syst. ii. 477.— Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 73. — Die- 
trich, Syn. iti. 42.—Chapman, FU. 120.— Curtis, Rep. 
Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 57. — Koch, Dendr. i. 
117. — Brunet, Cat. Vég. Lig. Can. 21. — Emerson, Trees 
Mass. ed. 2, ii. 513. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th 
Census U. S. ix. 66.— Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. 
77. — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 152. 
Prunus-Cerasus montana, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 113. 
Prunus lanceolata, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 240, t. 3, £. 3. 
Bird Cherry. 
oblong. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, long- 
Syst. ii. 5138.— Loudon, Ard. Brit. ii. 703, £. 410. — 
Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 78. 
Prunus borealis, Poiret, Lam. Dict. vy. 674.—Pursh, FV. 
Am. Sept. i. 330.— W. P. C. Barton, Compend. Fl. Phil. 
i. 223. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 302. — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. t. 
1598. — Bigelow, Fl. Boston. ed. 2, 193. 
Prunus persicifolia, Desfontaines, Hist. Ard. ii. 205. 
Cerasus Pennsylvanica, Loiseleur, Vouveau Duhamel, 
v. 9.— De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 539.— Hooker, FV. Bor.- 
Am. i. 168.— Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 514. — Torrey & Gray, 
Fl. N. Am. i. 409. — Gray, Forest Trees N. Am. t. 48. 
Cerasus persicifolia, Loiseleur, Nowveaw Duhamel, v. 9.— 
Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, v. 580.— De Can- 
dolle, Prodr. ii. 537. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 518. — Spach, 
Cerasus borealis, Michaux, F7. Bor.-Am. i. 286. — Nou- 
veau Duhamel, v. 32.— Michaux f. Hist. Ard. Am. iii. 
159, t. 8.— De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 538.— Don, Gen. 
Hist. Vég. i. 411.— Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. ui. 81.— 
Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1869, 272, £. 63. 
A tree, with bitter aromatic bark and leaves, thirty to forty feet in height, with a trunk often 
twelve or eighteen inches in diameter, and regular slender horizontal branches which form a narrow 
head usually more or less rounded at the summit; or, at the extreme northern and western limits of its 
range, often a low shrub. The bark of the trunk, which varies from one third to one half of an inch in 
thickness, separates horizontally into broad persistent papery plates with a dark red-brown surface 
marked with irregular horizontal bands of orange-colored lenticels, and is smooth on young stems or 
branches but on old trees is broken into minute persistent scales. The branches, when they first 
appear, are light red and sometimes slightly puberulous; they soon become glabrous, and in their first 
winter are bright red, lustrous, and covered with pale excrescences; in their second year short thick 
Jateral spur-like branchlets are developed, and the outer bark, which has now lost its lustre and is 
marked by bright orange-colored lenticels, is easily separable from the brilliant green inner bark. The 
leaves are oblong-lanceolate, sometimes slightly faleate, long pointed and finely and sharply serrate with 
incurved teeth often tipped with minute glands; for a short time after they first unfold they are bronze- 
green, pilose on the lower surface and slightly viscid ; they soon become green and glabrous, and at 
maturity are bright and lustrous on the upper, and rather paler on the lower surface, three to four and 
a half inches long and three quarters of an inch to an inch and a quarter broad, and are borne on 
slender glabrous or slightly pilose petioles which vary from half an inch to nearly an inch in length, 
and are often glandular above the middle. The stipules are acuminate, glandular-serrate, and early 
deciduous. The leaves in autumn turn a bright clear yellow some time before falling. The flowers, 
which appear in early May when the leaves are half grown, or at the extreme north and at high eleva- 
tions as late as the first of July, are half an inch across when expanded, and are borne on slender 
pedicels nearly an inch in length collected in four or five-flowered umbels, which are generally clustered 
two or three together and are subsessile when the flowers expand, but ultimately stalked. The calyx- 
tube is glabrous, broadly obconic with obtuse lobes tipped with red and reflexed at maturity, and is 
