ROSACEA, 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 49 
PRUNUS CAROLINIANA. 
Wild Orange. 
Mock Orange. 
CALYx-LoBEs rounded at the apex, with undulate margins. Stone broadly ovate, 
cylindrical. 
Prunus Caroliniana, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ii. 163. — Willde- 
now, Spec. ii. pt. ii. 987. — Poiret, Lam. Dict. v. 667. — 
Persoon, Syn. ii. 34. — Desfontaines, Hist. Ard. ii. 203. — 
Nuttall, Gen. i. 302.— Sprengel, Newe Hntd. i. 304; 
Syst. ti. 478. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 71.— Elliott, Sz. i. 
540.— Audubon, Birds, t. 159, 190. — Schlechtendal, 
Linnea, xiii. 89. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 43. — Chapman, 
Fil. 120. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 
57.— Koch, Dendr. i. 124. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. 
Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 69. 
Padus Caroliniana, Miller, Dict. ed. 8, No. 6. 
Padus Carolina, Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. ii. 198. 
Prunus-Lauro-Cerasus serratifolia, Marshall, 
Am. 114. 
Prunus Lusitanica, Walter, #7. Car. 146 (not Linneus). 
Arbust. 
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or rarely remotely spinulose-serrate. 
Prunus Lusitanica, var. serratifolia, Castiglioni, Viag. 
negli Stati Uniti, ii. 340. 
Cerasus Caroliniana, Michaus, 77. Bor.-Am. i. 285. — 
Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, v. 582. — Nouveau 
Duhamel, vy. 5. — Michaux, Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 156, 
t. 7. — De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 540.— Don, Gen. Syst. 
ii. 516. — Spach, Hist. Vég. i. 420. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. 
ii. 720, £. 423. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 411. 
Prunus sempervirens, Willdenow, Znum. Suppl. 33. 
? Bumelia serrata, Pursh, F7. Am. Sept. i. 155. — Roemer 
& Schultes, Syst. iv. 498. 
? Achras serrata, Poiret, Lam. Dict. Suppl. v. 36. 
Chimanthus amygdalina, Rafinesque, fl. Ludovic. 26. 
Laurocerasus Caroliniana, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 
90. 
A tree, thirty to forty feet in height, with a straight or inclining trunk sometimes ten or twelve 
inches in diameter, and small horizontal branches forming a rather narrow oblong or sometimes a 
broadly spreading head. The bark of the trunk is an eighth of an inch thick, and smooth or slightly. 
roughened by narrow longitudinal ridges, and is gray, with large irregular dark blotches. The branches 
are glabrous and marked by occasional pale lenticels, slightly angled, at first light green, then bright 
red, and in their second season light brown or gray. The buds are acuminate, an eighth of an inch 
long, and covered with narrow-pointed dark chestnut-brown scales rounded on the back. The leaves, 
which are persistent on the branches until their second year, are oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and 
mucronate, with entire thickened slightly revolute margins, or are rarely remotely spinulose-serrate ; 
they are glabrous, coriaceous, and obscurely veined, with narrow pale midribs deeply grooved on the 
upper side, dark green and lustrous on the upper, and paler on the lower surface, two to four and a 
half inches long, and three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half broad, and are borne on stout 
broad orange-colored channeled petioles. The stipules are foliaceous, lanceolate-acuminate, and early 
deciduous. The flowers appear from February to April and are produced, in dense racemes shorter 
than the leaves, on slender club-shaped pedicels from the axils of long acuminate scarious red-tipped 
bracts; these mostly fall some time before the opening of the flowers, which are cream-colored, and 
have a narrow obconic calyx-tube with small thin rounded deciduous lobes undulate on the margins 
and reflexed after anthesis, minute erect boat-shaped petals, exserted orange-colored stamens with gla- 
brous filaments, large pale anthers, and a glabrous pistil and club-shaped stigma. The fruit ripens in 
the autumn and remains on the branches until after the flowering period of the following year; it 
is oblong, short-pointed, black, and lustrous, and half an inch long, with a thick skin, thin dry flesh, 
and a broadly ovate pointed cylindrical stone which has an obscure or rudimentary ridge on the ventral 
margin, and thin fragile walls. The coat of the seed is thin and papery and dark red-brown like the 
cotyledons which inclose the short radicle. 
Prunus Caroliniana inhabits the southern eoast region, and is distributed from the valley of the 
