ROSACES. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 83 
CRAT AGUS. 
FLOWERS regular, perfect ; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in estivation ; petals 
5, imbricated in estivation ; stamens usually 10 to 20; ovary 1 to 5-celled ; ovules 2 in .. 
each cell, ascending. Fruit a drupaceous pome with bony nutlets. Leaves alternate, 
simple, lobed or pinnatifid. 
Crateegus, Linnzus, Gen. 143. — Adanson, Fam. Pl. ii. Halmia, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 101. 
296. — A. L. de Jussieu, Gen. 335. — Meisner, Gen.106.— Anthomeles, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 102. 
Endlicher, Gen. 1239. — Bentham & Hooker, Gen. i. Pheenopyrum, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 103. 
626. — Baillon, Hist. Pl. i. 475. Phalacros, Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 164. 
Oxyacantha, Ruppius, 27. Jen. ed. 3, 186. — Medicus, Phil. 
Bot. i. 150. 
Trees or shrubs, with scaly bark, rigid terete and usually armed branches, small winter-buds cov- 
ered by imbricated scales, those of the inner rows accrescent and often colored, and fibrous roots. 
Leaves alternate, petiolate, conduplicate in vernation, simple, and generally serrate or more or less 
lobed or pinnatifid, membranaceous or coriaceous, commonly deciduous ; stipules often glandular-ser- 
rate, deciduous, lanceolate, acuminate, minute, or, on vigorous shoots, ample, foliaceous, usually lunate 
and stalked. Flowers pedicellate, in cymose panicled or slightly racemose corymbs, terminal on leafy 
lateral branches developed from the axils of leaves of the previous year. Bracts and bractlets linear, 
caducous, often colored, in falling marking the slender branches of the inflorescence and the ped- 
icels with persistent gland-like scars. Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate, fivelobed or divided, 
the lobes reflexed after anthesis, entire or glandular-serrate, persistent or deciduous. Disk adnate 
to the interior of the calyx-tube, thin or fleshy, entire, lobed or slightly sulcate, concave or somewhat 
convex. Petals five, inserted on the margin of the disk in the mouth of the calyx-tube, orbicular, 
spreading, entire or sinuate margined, white or rose-colored. Stamens ten to twenty, or indefinite, 
inserted with the petals in one to three rows; filaments filiform, subulate, incurved, often persistent 
on the ripe fruit; anthers oblong, attached on the back below the middle, introrse, two-celled, the 
cells opening longitudinally, pale, rose-colored, or violet-purple. Ovary inferior, composed of one to 
five carpels inserted in the bottom of the calyx-tube and united with it; styles terminal, contracted or 
slightly spreading, free, persistent on the ripe nutlets; stigmas terminal, dilated, truncate; ovules two 
in each cell, ascending, collateral, anatropous ; raphe dorsal, the micropyle inferior. Fruit drupaceous, 
ovate or globose, red, yellow, or black, usually somewhat open or concave at the summit; sarcocarp dry 
and mealy ; endocarp composed of one to five one-celled slightly united nutlets, variously sulcate and, 
when more than one, flattened on the inner faces by mutual pressure. Seeds solitary by the abortion 
of one of the ovules, erect, compressed, exalbuminous; testa membranaceous. Embryo filling the 
cavity of the seed ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle short, inferior. 
Cratzegus is widely and generally distributed through the temperate regions of the northern hemi- 
sphere. About forty species, nearly equally divided between the Old World and the New, can be dis- 
tinguished. Fourteen are found within the territory of the United States, a larger number of species 
occurring in the region between the Red and the Trinity Rivers in western Louisiana and eastern 
Texas than in any other district of similar extent.' Three species at least occur in Mexico,” and of these 
1 This region, which is one of the most interesting in North anywhere else, individuals of several of them growing to a 
America for the student of trees, must be considered the headquar- _ greater size and in greater numbers than in any other part of the 
ters of the genus Crateegus, which makes here a conspicuous fea- country. 
ture of the vegetation. More species occur here together than 2 Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. i. 379. 
