86 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. ROSACER, 
CRATAiGUS DOUGLASILI. 
Haw. 
Fruit black. Leaves broadly obovate to oblong-ovate. 
Cratzgus Douglasii, Lindley, Bot. Reg. t. 1810.— Koch, iti. 160. — Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 135. — Torrey, Bot. 
Dendr. i. 147. — Kaleniczenko, Bull. Mose. xlviii. pt. ii. Wilkes Explor. Exped. 292. — Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 
26.— Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal. i. 189. — Engelmann, i. 116. 
Bot. Gazette, vii. 128. —Sargent, Forest Trees N. dm. Crateegus sanguinea, Nuttall, Sylva, ii. 6, t. 44 (not Pal 
10th Census U. S. ix. 75.— Greene, Fl. Francis. i. 53. las). — Cooper, Am. Nat. iii. 407. 
Crategus punctata, var. brevispina, Douglas; Hooker, Anthomeles Douglasii, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 140. 
Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 201. Cratzgus rivularis, Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal. i. 189 
Crateegus sanguinea, var. Douglasii, Torrey & Gray, Fl. (not Nuttall). — Greene, FV. Francis. i. 53. 
N. Am. i. 464. — Walpers, Rep. ii. 58. — Dietrich, Syn. 
A tree, thirty to forty feet in height, with a straight stout trunk eighteen inches to two feet in 
diameter, dividing into many branches which form a compact round head, and slender rigid branchlets ; 
or often a tall shrub throwing up many stems, or, in the dry climate of the interior of the continent, a 
low intricately branched bush. The bark of the trunk is a quarter of an inch thick, longitudinally 
fissured, and broken into oblong plates, the surface of which separates into long thick dark red-brown 
scales. The branchlets are glabrous, green when young, and in their first winter bright red and lustrous, 
and marked by pale elevated lenticels; they are sometimes unarmed, but usually bear stout straight or 
slightly curved blunt or acute spines, three quarters of an inch to an inch in length, which are bright 
red in their first year, and, like the branches, later become ashy gray. The winter-buds are obtuse, 
one eighth of an inch long, and covered by broadly ovate scales which are keeled on the back, apicu- 
late, ciliate on the margins, bright chestnut-brown, and lustrous. The leaves are broadly ovate to 
oblong-ovate, acute at the apex, gradually contracted at the base into short broad petioles, finely serrate 
except at the base with small glandular teeth, and often incisely cut towards the apex, or more or less 
three-lobed, especially on vigorous shoots ; when they unfold they are puberulous on both surfaces, and 
at maturity are glabrous, thick, and rather coriaceous, dark green and often lustrous above, and paler 
below, one to four inches in length, and half an inch to an inch and a half in breadth. The stipules 
are narrowly obovate, acuminate, glandular-serrate, and caducous, or, on vigorous shoots, are foliaceous, 
broadly ovate-falcate, deeply incised, glandular-serrate, and short-stalked. The flowers are produced in 
broad or narrow leafy many-flowered cymes, furnished with lanceolate acuminate caducous bracts and 
bractlets ; they appear in May when the leaves are nearly fully grown, and are from one third to one 
half of an inch across, with broadly obconie calyx-tubes, glabrous or puberulous, and nearly as long as 
the lanceolate calyx-lobes, which are acute or rounded at the apex, entire, ciliate-margined or finely glan- 
dular-serrate, and green or tinged with red or purple. The petals are pure white, broadly obovate, 
rounded above, and contracted below ito short claws, and are rather longer than the stamens which 
have stout filaments and small pale anthers and than the short styles which vary in number from two to 
five, and are often furnished at the base with tufts of long pale hairs. The fruit, which falls as soon as 
it ripens in August and September, is subglobose or rarely somewhat oblong, black, and lustrous, with 
thin sweet flesh and small thin-walled nutlets slightly grooved on the back. 
Orategus Douglasii is distributed from the valley of the Parsnip River in British Columbia* 
vv 
1 Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. i. 148. 
