ROSACEA. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
ot 
CRATZiGUS CRUS-GALLI. 
Cockspur Thorn, 
Newcastle Thorn. 
LEaves subcoriaceous, obovate-cuneiform to broadly oval or linear-oblong. 
Crategus Crus-galli, Linneus, Spec. 476.— Miller, Dict. 
ed. 8, No. 5. — Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 344. — Moench, 
Biume Weiss. 28.— Walter, Fl. Car. 147. — Willdenow, 
Berl. Baumz. 87 ; Spee. ii. pt. ii. 1004. — Michaux, FV. 
Bor.-Am. i. 288. — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 
y. 448. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 37.— Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 
338. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 305. — Elliott, Sz. i. 548. — Bige- 
low, FU. Boston. 118. —Watson, Dendr. Brit. i. 56, t. 56. — 
De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 626. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 
200. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 598. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. 
Am. i. 463. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 158. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 
i. 221. — Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 117. — Darlington, 
Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 83. — Chapman, F7. 127. — Curtis, Rep. 
Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 83. — Regel, Act. Hort. 
Petrop. i. 108. — Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 187. — Kale- 
niczenko, Bull. Mosc. xviii. pt. ii. 19. — Emerson, Trees 
Mass. ed. 2, ii. 492, t.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
1882, 66.— Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census 
U. S. ix. 76.— Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 
166. — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 107 (Man. 
Crategus lucida, Miller, Dict. ed. 8, No. 6.— Moench, 
Biume Weiss. 28.—Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 13.— Wangen- 
heim, Nordam. Holz. 53, t. 17, f. 42. — Sprengel, Syst. 
ii. 506. — De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 629. — Don, Gen. Syst. 
ii. 599. 
Mespilus Crus-galli, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 88. — Castigli- 
oni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 294, — Poiret, Lam. Dict. 
iv. 441. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 157. — Nowveau Du- 
hamel, iv. 149. — Willdenow, Hnum. 522; Berl. Bawmz. 
ed. 2, 244. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 80. — Koch, Dendr. i. 142. 
Mespilus lucida, Ehrhart, Beitr. iv. 17. — Moench, Meth. 
685. — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, v. 448. — 
Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 57. 
Cratzegus laurifolia, Medicus, Gesch. Bot. 84. 
Mespilus cuneifolia, Moench, Meth. 684. 
Crateegus Crus-galli, var. splendens, Aiton, Hort. Kew. 
ed. 2, iii. 202. 
Mespilus Watsoniana, Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 57. 
Crategus Watsoniana, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 117. 
Cratzegus Carrierei, Carritre, Rev. Hort. 1883, 108, t. 
Pl. W. Texas). Crateegus Lavallei, Hort. Paris. 
A tree, twenty to thirty feet in height, with a trunk four to six feet tall and sometimes a foot in 
diameter, covered, like the stout rigid spreading branches which form a broad flat or round head, with 
light red-brown or ashy gray scaly bark, and usually armed with long stout often branched spines. 
The branchlets are glabrous, and at first green but soon become light brown or gray tinged with brown, 
or sometimes, in the southern states, bright red and lustrous ; they are stout, usually more or less zigzag, 
light brown to ashy gray in their second year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved sharp- 
pointed chestnut-brown or ashy gray spines from one to four inches in length, which continue to enlarge 
for many years and eventually often become many branched and six or eight inches long. The winter- 
buds are obtuse, an eighth of an inch long, and covered by chestnut-brown lustrous apiculate scales 
rounded on the back and scarious on the margins, those of the inner ranks being at maturity lanceolate, 
acute, finely glandular-serrate, from one half of an inch to an inch in length, sometimes bright red and 
caducous. The leaves are obovate, cuneiform to broadly ovate or linear-oblong, acute or rounded at 
the apex, gradually contracted below into short broad petioles, sharply serrate except towards the base 
with minute appressed usually glandular-tipped teeth, and rarely slightly three-lobed ; they are glabrous 
or occasionally puberulous on the lower surface, thick and coriaceous, dark green and lustrous above, and 
pale below, reticulate-veined, with narrow midribs and primary veins, an inch to five inches long, and 
from one quarter of an inch to an inch and a half wide. The stipules are linear-acute to ligulate, minutely 
glandular-serrate, from one quarter to one half of an inch in length, and caducous; or, on vigorous 
shoots, they are foliaceous, obliquely ovate, stalked, coarsely glandular-serrate, and sometimes half an 
inch broad. The flowers, 
which appear after the leaves are fully grown from the middle of April in Texas to the middle of June 
In the autumn before falling the leaves turn bright orange and scarlet. 
