92 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. ROSACES. 
in New England, are produced in many-flowered glabrous or sometimes puberulous thin-branched 
The bracts and bractlets are 
linear-spatulate, acute, finely glandular-serrate, half an inch to an inch in length, usually tinged with 
The flowers are two thirds of an inch across and are borne on slender pedicels one 
elongated racemose corymbs, the lower branches from the axils of leaves. 
red, and caducous. 
half of an inch to nearly an inch in length; the calyx is narrow, obconic, and glabrous or pilose on the 
outer surface, with linear-lanceolate entire or minutely glandular-serrate persistent lobes rather shorter 
than the white petals; the pistils are two to five and are surrounded at the base by tufts of pale 
hairs. The fruit is subglobose or rarely pyriform, and one third of an inch across, with a deep cavity 
surrounded. by the remnants of the calyx-lobes and filaments, and is dull red with thin dry mealy flesh. 
The nutlets are a quarter of an inch long, rounded at both ends, and two or three-grooved on the back, 
with broad rounded ridges and thick brittle walls. The seed is acute, one sixteenth of an inch in 
length, and covered with a thin papery light brown testa.' 
Crategus Crus-galli is distributed from the valley of the St. Lawrence to the northern shores of 
Lake Erie? ranging southward in the United States to the valley of the Chipola River in western 
Florida, and westward to Missouri and to the valley of the Colorado River in Texas. It grows in rich 
soil, usually along the margins of swamps, on the borders of prairies, or in the neighborhood of streams ; 
it is generally distributed but nowhere very common in the northern and eastern states, and is abundant 
and attains its largest size in southern Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. 
The wood of Crategus Crus-galli is heavy, hard, and close-grained, with a satiny surface, and 
contains many obscure medullary rays. 
It is brown tinged with red, with thin lighter colored sapwood. 
The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.7194, a cubic foot weighing 44.83 pounds. 
1 The leaves of Crategus Crus-galli, although easily recognized 
by their texture and lustrous upper surface, vary considerably in 
form on different individuals and sometimes on the same individual. 
Botanists have end d to establish varieties based on some of 
these different leaf-forms, although such characters have little value 
in Crategus and are not at all constant or to be depended upon. 
These varieties are : — 
Var. pyracanthifolia, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ii. 170.—De Candolle, 
Prodr. ii. 626.— Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 464.— Loudon, 
Arb. Brit. ii. 820, t. 128, £. 580.—Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. i. 
109 (in part). —Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 
ix. 76. 
Crategus salicifolia, Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 345. — Roemer, 
Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 117. 
Crategus Crus-galli, var. salicifolia, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ii. 170. — 
De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 626.— Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 820, f. 
551-553, 578, t.— Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. i. 110.— Wenzig, 
Linnea, xxxviii. 139. 
Mespilus Crus-galli, vax. salicifolia, Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 80.— 
Willdenow, Berl. Bawmz. ed. 2, 244. 
Mespilus Crus-galli, var. pyracanthifolia, Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 80. 
Mespilus salicifolia, Koch, Dendr. i. 144. 
Crateegus Coursetiana, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iti. 117. 
Var. ovalifolia, Bot. Reg. t. 1860. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 
i. 464. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 159. Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 821, f. 
579, t.— Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. i. 109. — Wenzig, Linnea, 
xxxviii. 189. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U.S. ix. 
76. 
Mespilus ovalifolia, Hornemann, Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 52.— 
Koeh, Dendr. i. 148. 
Mespilus prunellifolia, Poiret, Lam. Dict. Suppl. iv. 72. 
Crategus ovalifolia, De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 627. — Don, Gen. 
Syst. ti. 598. — Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 117. — Sargent, For- 
est Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 76. 
Crategus prunellifolia, De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 627. — Don, Gen. 
Syst. ii. 598. — Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 117. 
Mespilus elliptica, Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abdild. Holz. 170, 
t. 144 (not Lamarck). — Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 68. 
Var. linearis, De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 626. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. 
N. Am. i. 464. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 159. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 
821, f. 577. — Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. i. 110.— Wenzig, Linnea, 
xxxviii. 140. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U.S. ix. 
76. 
Mespilus lucida, var. angustifolia, Ehrhart, Beitr. iv. 18. 
Crategus linearis, Persoon, Syn. ii. 37.— Roemer, Fam. Nat. 
Syn. iii. 118. 
Mespilus linearis, Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 156. — Poiret, 
Lam. Dict. Suppl. iv. 70.— Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 
v. 448. — Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 57. 
This is the most distinct of all the forms of Crategus Crus-galli. 
It is not known to me in a wild state, and is believed to have origi- 
nated in Europe, probably in France, where it appears to be more 
often cultivated than the other forms of the species. 
Var. prunifolia, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 464. — Dietrich, 
Syn. iii. 159.— Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 821, f. 576, t. — Regel, Act. 
Hort. Petrop. i. 110.— Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 140. — Sargent, 
Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 77. 
Mespilus prunifolia ? Marshall, Arbust. Am. 90. — Poiret, Lam. 
Dict. iv. 443.— Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, v. 448. — 
Nouveau Duhamel, iv. 150, t. 40. — Sprengel, Syst. ii. 506. 
Cratcegus prunifolia, Persoon, Syn. ii. 37. — De Candolle, Prodr. 
ii. 627. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 598. — Bot. Reg. t. 1868. 
Var. Fontanesiana, Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 141. 
Mespilus Fontanesiana, Spach, Hist. Véq. ii. 58, t. 10, f. K. 
Mespilus Bosciana, Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 58. 
Crategus badiata, Bose, Nouv. Cours d’ Agric. ii. 224, 11, 58. 
Crateegus Bosciana, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iti. 118. 
2 Brunet, Cat.Vég. Lig. Can. 26.—Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. i. 147. 
