96 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. ROSACES.. 
on slender glabrous or pubescent petioles often an inch to an inch and a quarter long, and vary from an 
inch to four inches in length and from an inch to two and a half inches in breadth. The stipules are 
glandular-serrate, caducous, linear, acute, or, on vigorous shoots, foliaceous, broadly ovate, and stalked. 
The flowers, which appear when the leaves are nearly fully grown, are produced in few-flowered elon- 
gated glabrous or pubescent corymbs with lanceolate or narrowly oblong acute glandular-serrate cadu- 
cous bracts and bractlets; they are borne on slender pedicels, and vary from half an inch to nearly an 
inch in diameter. The calyx is obconic, and glabrous or puberulous, with long lanceolate denticulate 
or rarely entire and usually glandular lobes much shorter than the obovate white petals, which are erose 
or occasionally denticulate towards the base. There are two to five pistils surrounded at the base by 
tufts of pale hairs. The fruit, which ripens in September and October and generally hangs on the 
branches until after the leaves have fallen, is subglobose or slightly elongated or pyriform, bright scar- 
let, and one third to one half of an inch in diameter, with a shallow cavity surrounded by the persis- 
tent calyx-lobes and remnants of the filaments, and thin dry flesh; the nutlets are acute at both ends, 
with two deep grooves and a prominent ridge on the back, and thick hard walls. The seed is acute, 
and is covered by a pale brown coat. 
Crategus coccinea is distributed from the western shores of Newfoundland through the maritime 
provinces of Canada, Quebec, and Ontario, and extends westward through Winnipeg nearly to the east- 
ern base of the Rocky Mountains.’ In the United States it ranges southward to northern Florida and 
eastern Texas and westward to Nebraska and Kansas. It grows in dense thickets, in open upland 
woods, or rocky pastures, or in lower ground near the borders of streams‘and prairies, and is common 
in all the northern states, on the Alleghany Mountains, and in the valley of the Ohio River, but com- 
paratively rare in the south. 
The wood of Crategus coccinea is heavy, hard, and close-grained, with thin obscure medullary rays ; 
it is brown tinged with red, with thin lighter colored sapwood. The specific gravity of the absolutely 
dry wood is 0.8618, a cubie foot weighing 53.71 pounds. 
A distinct form of the Scarlet Thorn, Crategus coccinea, var. macracantha,’ may be distinguished 
by the longer bright chestnut-brown thorns, two to five inches long, which cover its straggling branches, 
and by the broadly obovate leaves; these are acute at the apex, wedge-shaped, and contracted below 
into broad stout petioles, sharply and often doubly serrate with acute glandular-tipped teeth except at. 
the base, sometimes three-lobed, coriaceous, dark green and glabrous on the upper, and paler on the 
lower surface, with a few pale hairs along the prominent midribs and primary veins, three or four 
inches long, and two to two and a half inches broad. The flowers are smaller than those of the more 
common Crategus coccinea, with narrow pectinately glandular calyx-lobes, and are produced in broader 
looser pilose or pubescent corymbs. The fruit is oblong, or subglobose, smaller and less fleshy, with. 
larger nutlets. 
1 Meyer, Pl. Lab. 82. — Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. i. 147. 
2 Dudley, Bull. Cornell Univ. ii. 33 (Cayuga Flora). — Sargent, 
Garden and Forest, ii. 412. — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 
165. 
? Crateegus glandulosa, Moench, Biume Weiss. 31. 
? Pyrus glandulosa, Moench, Meth. 680. 
Crategus glandulosa, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 84 (not Aiton) ; 
Spec. ii. 1002 (excl. syn.).— Pursh, F7. Am. Sept. i. 337 (in 
part). — De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 627. — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. t. 
1012. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 201. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 599. — 
Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 817, £. 550, 567, 568, t. — Regel, Act. Hort. 
Petrop. i. 120. 
Mespilus sanguinea, Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, v. 
452 (excl. syn.). 
Mespilus glandulosa, Willdenow, Enum. 523. — Sprengel, Syst. 
ii. 507. — Watson, Dendr. Brit. i. 58, t. 58. — Schmidt, Oestr. 
Baume. iv. 33, t. 213. — Spach, Hist. Vég. ii. 62. — Koch, Dendr. 
i. 145. 
Crategus macracantha, Loddiges ; Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 819, 
£. 572, 578, t. 
Crategus glandulosa, var. macracantha, Lindley, Bot. Reg. t. 
1912. 
Crategus sanguinea, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 464 (excl. 
var. B.; not Pallas). 
Crategus coccinea, var. viridis, Torrey, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. 
86 (not Torrey & Gray). 
Crategus coccinea, T.S. Brandegee, Rep. Chief Engineer U. S.A. 
Appx. S. 1841 (not Linneus) ; Bull. U.S. Geolog. & Geog. Surv. 
Terr. ii. 236 (FU. Southwest Colorado). — Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. 
Bot. 90. 
Crategus Douglasii, Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. i. 522 (not Lind-- 
ley). 
