ROSACEA, SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 119 
CRATAIGUS AISTIVALIS. 
May Haw. Apple Haw. 
Leaves elliptical to oblong-cuneiform. 
Cratzegus eestivalis, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 468.— ? Crateegus lucida, Elliott, Sk. i. 548 (not Ehrhart). 
Walpers, Rep. ii. 58. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 162.— Nuttall, Crateegus elliptica, Elliott, Sz. i. 549 (not Aiton). 
Sylva, ii. 12.— Chapman, FV. 127.— Regel, Act. Hort. Crateegus opaca, Hooker & Arnott, Compan. Bot. Mag. i. 
Petrop. i. 124.— Wenzig, Linnea, xxxviii. 202.— Sar- 25. 
gent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 82. Anthomeles eestivalis, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. iii. 141. 
Mespilus zestivalis, Walter, 77. Car. 148.— Poiret, Lam. 
Dict. iv. 447. 
A tree, twenty to thirty feet in height, with a stout trunk sometimes a foot in diameter and occa- 
sionally three or four feet tall, or more often divided close to the surface of the ground into several 
large upright branches which form a round compact bushy head. The bark of the trunk is a quarter of 
an inch thick, deeply fissured, and broken on the surface into thick dark red-brown persistent plate-like 
scales. The branchlets are at first covered with rufous or occasionally with pale hairs, and in their first 
winter are glabrous, lustrous, bright red or sometimes light brown, becoming darker brown or dark 
gray in their second year; they are stout, straight, or more or less zigzag, and often unarmed, or armed 
with stout straight lustrous spines an inch to an inch and a half long. The winter-buds are one eighth 
of an inch in length, oblong, obtuse, and covered with broad thick ovate scales keeled on the back, 
minutely apiculate, and bright chestnut-brown; the scales of the inner ranks at maturity are broadly 
obovate, rounded and conspicuously glandular-serrate at the apex, and from one quarter to one half of 
an inch in length. The leaves are elliptical to oblong-cuneiform or on sterile branches often obovate, 
and are acute or rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed below into stout petioles, and irregularly 
sinuate-toothed or angled above the middle, or crenately serrate with minute glandular-tipped teeth, or, 
especially on vigorous shoots, rarely three-lobed or incised; when they unfold they are covered on the 
upper surface with deciduous pale hairs and on the lower surface with dense rufous tomentum, and 
when fully grown are subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous, glabrous or sometimes puberulous above 
and clothed below, especially along the broad midribs and primary veins, with thick rusty pubescence ; 
they are an inch and a half to two inches long, half an inch to an inch wide, and are borne on 
petioles which are coated with rusty tomentum and vary from a quarter of an inch to an inch in length. 
The flowers, which appear with the unfolding of the leaves in February and early in March, are an 
inch across when expanded, and are produced in two to five-flowered simple glabrous corymbs on long 
stout pedicels furnished with lanceolate acute caducous glandular bractlets; the calyx is glabrous, tur- 
binate, with nearly triangular persistent lobes which are minutely glandular-serrate, reflexed after 
anthesis, often flushed with red towards the apex, and much shorter than the obovate concave white 
petals. The fruit, which ripens in May, is depressed-globose, very fragrant, bright red dotted with 
pale spots, and half of an inch to two thirds of an inch in diameter, with a small shallow cavity 
surrounded by the remnants of the calyx-lobes and filaments, juicy subacid flesh, and three to five 
thin-walled nutlets rounded at both ends and deeply two-grooved on the back. 
Crategus estivatis is distributed in the coast region from the valley of the Savannah River in 
South Carolina to northern Florida, and through the Gulf states to southern Arkansas and to the valley 
of the Sabine River in Texas; it grows usually in moist sandy soil near the margins of streams and 
Pine-barren ponds, where the ground is often submerged during several weeks in winter. It is com- 
