ROSACEA, SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 125 
AMELANCHIER. 
FiLowers perfect, regular ; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in estivation ; petals 
5, imbricated in estivation; stamens usually 20; ovary inferior or partly superior, 
5-celled, each cell incompletely divided by a false dissepiment ; ovules 2 in each cell, 
ascending. Fruit apome. Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous. 
Amelanchier, Medicus, Phil. Bot. i. 135, 155. — Lindley, Peraphyllwm).— Baillon, Hist. Pl. i. 477 (excl. Pera- 
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 100. — Meisner, Gen. 106. — End- phyllum). 
licher, Gen. 1237. — Bentham & Hooker, Gen. i. 628 (excl. Aronia, Persoon, Syn. ii. 39 (in part). 
Trees or shrubs, with scaly bark, slender terete branchlets, acute buds with imbricated scales, those 
of the inner rows accrescent and bright colored, and fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, conduplicate in 
vernation, simple, entire or serrate, penniveined, often lanate, petiolate, deciduous ; stipules subulate, 
elongated, caducous. Flowers in erect or nodding racemes, their pedicels slender, bibracteolate, devel- 
oped from the axils of lanceolate acuminate deciduous bracts. Calyx-tube campanulate or urceolate, 
the lobes acute or subulate, recurved, persistent. Disk lining the tube of the calyx, green, entire 
or crenulate, nectariferous. Petals white, obovate-oblong, spatulate or ligulate, rounded, acute or 
truncate at the apex, gradually contracted below into short slender claws, inserted on the thickened 
margin of the disk, spreading. Stamens usually twenty, inserted with the petals in three rows, those of 
the outer row of ten parapetalous, those of the other rows alternate with them and with each other ; 
filaments subulate, free, persistent on the fruit; anthers oblong, attached on the back near the middle, 
introrse, two-celled, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary more or less adnate to the calyx-tube, 
glabrous or puberulous above, two to five-celled, each cell more or less divided after the fecunda- 
tion of the ovules into two compartments by the development of a false partition from the back; styles 
two to five, connate below, spreading and dilated above into broad truncate stigmas; ovules two in each 
cell, erect, anatropous, the micropyle inferior. Fruit subglobose or pyriform, open at the summit, the 
cavity surrounded by the lobes of the calyx and the remnants of the filaments ; mesocarp sweet, rather 
juicy, red or dark purple; endocarp membranaceous or cartilaginous, the carpels free or connate, 
glabrous or villose at the apex. Seeds ten or often five by the abortion of one of the ovules in each 
cell, ovate-elliptical, not rarely subuncinate at the base, destitute of albumen; testa coriaceous, dark 
chestnut-brown, mucilaginous. Embryo filling the cavity of the seed; cotyledons plano-convex, the 
radicle inferior. 
Amelanchier is widely distributed through the boreal and temperate portions of eastern and the 
mountainous regions of western North America, and oceurs in Japan and central China, in Asia Minor, 
the Caucasus, southern Europe, and northern Africa. Five or six species are distinguished ; one is 
European, north African, and Anatolian ; a second inhabits the Orient ;* and a third, perhaps not dis- 
tinct from the arborescent species of eastern America, is found in the forests of Japan and of central 
1 Amelanchier Amelanchier. Amelanchier rotundifolia, Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 
Mespilus Amelanchier, Linneus, Spec. 478. v. 459. 
Sorbus Amelanchier, Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ii. 53. Crategus Amelunchier, De Candolle, Fl. Franc. iv. 432. 
Pyrus Amelanchier, Linneus f. Syst. ed. 13, Suppl. 256.— Aronia rotundifolia, Persoon, Syn. ii. 39. 
Willdenow, Spec. ii. pt. ii. 1014. Amelanchier rotundifolia, Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. x. 134. 
Crategus rotundifolia, Lamarck, Dict. i. 84. 2 Amelanchier parviflora, Boissier, Diag. iii. 9; Fl. Orient. ii. 
Amelanchier vulgaris, Moench, Meth. 682.— De Candolle, Prodr. 668. 
ii. 682. — Boissier, FU. Orient. ii. 667. 
