STUDIES IN THE COMPOSITA. 257 
nearly equal: achenes narrowly obovate-cuneiform, greenish, 
strongly striate, the angles elevated but not corky, sparsely 
awned with yellow aculeole; pappus-awns 3 or 4, yellow 
and stout-prickly, not very unequal, the longest half as long 
as the achene. 
This is another boreal plant, and one with foliage some- 
what like that of true B. cernua, though much narrower, 
and the habit is quite different. The most typical speci- 
mens are the Canadian Survey n. 12,055, from the River 
Moira, Ontario, Macoun, 14 Sept, 1877, and n. 12,049, 
from Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg, 11 Aug.,1884. Also 
12,052, of Drummond's collecting in the “Rocky Moun- 
tains" (Drummond's n. 625) seems the same. 
/ B. HYPERBOREA. Erect, slender, simple and monocephal- 
ous, only 4 to 7 inches high and with 3 or 4 pairs of leaves 
these in general oblanceolate, nearly or quite entire: ter- 
minal head on a slender peduncle about as long as the sub- 
tending pair of leaves, campanulate; outer bracts oblong, 
rather few, not^widely spreading, surpassing the head: inner 
series yellow marked with many dark lines: rays none; 
chaff of receptacle remarkably large and petaloid, obtuse, 
surpassing the disk-corollas and even the awus of the achene; 
the achene itself narrowly linear-cuneiform, brownish, 
strongly striate, not suberous-margined, the two pairs of 
awns notably unequal, the longer of rather more than 
half the length of the achene. 
A small and simple subaquatie species, obtained by Mr. J. 
M. Macoun at Rupert House, James' Bay, 5 Sept., 1885, n. 
12,056. The plants might have passed for a possible de- 
pauperate state of some larger species, but that the chaff of 
the receptacle is developed in the petaloid direction quite 
beyond what is seen in any others, and the achenes have 
