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ee ae oe ee eee ea ee 
Association Uy he EVES CONS ee ees 9 “Seo é 
- The information presented had b b eer obtained from an xamination 
a ; es ear aoe 
of; more than @ighty persons, principally masters of: vesse’s eng"g 
the whale and South Sea se al fisheries, in the merchant service and 
Labrador fisheries, all of satin had seen icebergs ; also from authentic 
published accounts. He adverted to the intense interest with which all 
glacial agencies were regarded, to explain the various: phenomena. of 
drift, the transportation of earth and large fragments -of rock in a 
southerly « direction, the abrading and furrowing of the rocks in the 
“same direction, the distortion and bending of strata of clay, ‘the forma- 
- tion of jowivahapots cavitio® ntit the aS 8% longitudinal ridges of 
To throw light upon these sinsbvenden ra whapecibllont information; 
1 As to the mode of formation of icebergs, their ee Pe 
Ro The magnitude and form of those floating at sea. 
8. The direction, rate, and nature of their ae ‘he imi of 
their transport, their grounding. and di 
A. The positive and negative: seoenniay as to the apoion of 
fragments of rock and earth. = - Ha 4 
In the first place, it was § of northern and 
southern glaciers, that jslands of jee are "fragments ( 
“detached from those glaciers—that the fixed icebergs:¢ or glaciers of the 
Arctic and Antarctic shores are governed by the same laws, and ex- 
hibit the Me iers of the Alps. © Like 
the Alpine glaciers, ‘the fixed icebergs of the north and south polar 
shores are formed by the yearly accumulation ‘ sie eg 
rock and earth are. found on their. ‘surface and in their interior, as they 
are found on the Alpine glaciers: “Several of the fixed icebergs of the 
Antarctic were particularly ¢ de , Instances were cited ‘where 
these fixed icebergs or glac , had been strewn with stones transport- 
ed from a distance, which stones has been afterwards covered by new 
: now and ice; where Jarge rocks were found in the perpen- 
di the glacier overhanging the sea, and where they have 
Bela covered with | piles of sand and volcanic scorie. It was shown 
from the Leo's ‘structure of these icebergs, their fissures, “c. that 
sea precisely as the glaciers of the Alps do 
nstal ces | ah the. detachment of icebergs from the 
: eres immense waves produced from their fall 
€ _ waves lifting up large vessels upon the shores, 
er bergs and dashing them to pieces, and loosening from 
mbedded ed fragments of rock. 
“9. The enormous mechanical power which might be exerted by mov- 
ing icebergs, was inferred from their great magnitude. Many were 
