CHAPTERS IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF HEPATICOLOGY. 145 



that of Tragus and the three illustrations are manifestly imi- 

 tated from the three of Lobelius . but they are here accompanied 

 by numbers, the long-lobed female Marchantia appearing as 

 "Hepatica I," the form with short, broad lobes as "Hepatica 

 II," and the male plant as "Hepatica III/' In the descrip- 

 tion, too, we find the last species (Geschlecht) referred to as 

 bearing flowerets of the form of a little wheel, so it can 

 scarcely be doubted that the writer regarded these three forms 

 of M» polymorpha as distinct plaots. Much is said of the 

 medicinal qualities of ''Leberkraut" and of the manner of its 

 use. Tabermemontanus, as well as Lobelius and Dodon?eus, 

 falls in with the popular notion that the herb is good for the 

 liver, against which Fuchsius, as we remember, so warmly 

 argued. 



In Turner's "Herball" (London, 1551), one of the very first 

 medico-botanical works to appear in the English language, 

 we have discovered no reference to Lichen or Hepatica, but 

 in John Gerard's *'Herball or General Historie of Plants" 

 .(London, 1597), the subject is treated quite at length. Four 

 figures, in all, are given in the chapter ® on "Liuerwoort," No, 

 1, with the appellation, ^'Hepatica terrestris. Ground Liuer- 

 woort," represents a sterile Sticta; under ''2. Hepafica altera. 

 Small Liuerwoort," are two figures, which are exact copies of 

 "Hepatica II & III" of Tabernaemontanue, (showing short- 

 lobed Marchantias, male and female); and under ^'3. Hepat- 

 tea petrcea. Stone Liner woort" is the "Hepatica I" of 

 TaberniBmontanus (the long-lobed form) — also an exact copy. 

 The accuracy with which the figures of Tabernsemontanus 

 are reproduced, even down to minute details of shading, seems 

 to be explicable only on the supposition that they are impres- 

 sions from the same blocks. 



Gerard's descriptions are in three numbered paragraphs, 

 the numbers being intended, presumably, to correspond with 

 those of the illustrations. The descriptions would agree better 

 with the figures in some respects if paragraphs "1" and "3" 



8 



Op. cit, p. 1375 (first edition). 



