CHAPTERS IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF HEPATICOLOGY. 147 



of the leaiies: it is often found at the bottome of high trees, 

 growing vpon high mountaines, especially in shadowie places. 



The Place. 

 This is often founde in shadowie and moist places, on roctes 

 and great stones laide by the highway and in other common 

 pathes, where the sunne beames do seldome come, and where 



no traneller frequenteth. 



The Time. 

 It bringeth foorth his blazing stars and leaves oftentimes 



in lune and luly." 



Description "3," as will be observed, applies rather better 

 to the Sticia (Fig. 1) than does description "1," yet, if this 

 transposition were made, the "diners small stems, whereupon 

 do grow little starlike flowers" would need explanation. 



In the 1633 edition of Gerard's Herball, "very much en- 

 larged and amended by Thomas Johnson," the three figures 

 of Lobel are substituted for the similar ones of Tabernsemon- 

 tanus. Instead of the name Hepatica altera which Gerard 

 gave to the male and female Marchantias portrayed under "2,'' 

 Johnson writes '^Hepaiica siellata and itmhelkda. Small 

 Liuerwort with starry and round heads," borrowing the Latin 

 terms, evidently, from Caspar Bauhin, as we shall see later. 

 In the description, too, Johnson adds that there are two 

 "varieties" of the second kind of liuerwort, "one having little 

 stalkes some inch long, with a starre-fashioned head at the 

 top: the other hath the like tender stalke, and a round head 

 at the top thereof." In this reference to the male and female 

 forms as "varieties" of the same kind, we may recognize one 

 of the first approaches to the right conception of their 

 relationship. 



