CHAPTERS IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF HEPATICOLOGY. 3 
sprinkled over with whitish elevated points, so that it seems 
rough. In place of a flower preceding the fruit, it has on the 
lower part of the leaf, while it is yet small, cartilages on 
either side, purple, then black, set opposite to each other 
after the manner of ribs or valves. These you can raise 
with the edge of a knife; they differ from the leaf in that 
the latter is green. When, however, it is larger, the entire 
leaf grows from purple to black, swells at the extremity, and 
sends forth fruit of the same color, like that of Orobus in 
size, soft and filled with a watery whitish juice; afterwards 
it sends out something saffron-colored, the result of greater 
maturity. The black cortex being ruptured, a pericarp, as it 
were, contains the fruit, covered within by a yellow pellicle. 
This contains a yellow dust; yet the fruit is juicy if rubbed, 
and, this moisture being immediately dissipated by the heat 
of the finger, the infected finger is recognized by the 
yellow dust. The leaves adhere by very delicate and 
extremely short white fibrils.” 
In the “‘Prodromus Theatri Botanici’ of Caspar Bauhin 
is a paragraph on Muscus fontanus or Hepatica aquatica, 
in which the author states that these terms are applied in a 
triple sense. To the “greater and less” of Lobelius, Taber- 
neemontanus, and others, he adds a third called the “‘ Muscus 
fontanus with racemose capitula.” He describes it as hav- 
ing “far smaller leaves, pale green and somewhat hirsute, 
joined in the manner of scales, among which are brought 
forth very many naked capillary two-inch pedicels, each of 
which bears a small capitulum, compact like a raceme and 
rufescent,” so far as he can conclude from a dry specimen 
sent by a correspondent whom he names. This plant is 
identified with Preissia by Lindberg. In the “ Pinax” of 
C. Bauhin, published three years later, under the chapter- 
heading, ‘‘Muscus Saxatilis vel Lichen” are listed nine 
supposed species of which the first seven are hepatic forms. 
= 1620. The copy consulted was of the second edition (1671), 
p. 
4Pinax Theatri Botanici; Basel, 1623. Page 362 in edition seen (1671). 
