REVIEWS AND CRITICISMS. 83 
Thallophytes have been rearranged largely in accordance 
with the ideas of Dr. Knoblauch, who translated Dr. 
Warming’s Handbook into the German. The classification 
of the Fungi is essentially that of Brefeld. The Bacteria 
have been revised by Dr. Migula, the Floridez rearranged 
according to the system of the late lamented Fr. Schmitz and 
the Taphrinacee according to Sadebeck. Five primary 
Divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom are recognized— 
the Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperme, 
and Angiosperme. Under the Thallophyta are three Sub- 
Divisions—the Myxomycetes, the Algw, and the Fungi. It 
may be remarked that the Bacteria look a little queer in the 
Sub-Division “Alge;” yet, inasmuch as it has been quite 
generally conceded that these organisms find their nearest 
affinities among the Schizophyces, this disposition of them 
may not meet with serious protest. 
A student reared on the classical text-books of Sachs and 
DeBary and their off-shoots is likely to indulge in some 
reflections on the mutability of human opinion, when he 
notes with how little apology or explanation sexuality is 
denied to the Ascomycetes. The former “erroneous” doc- 
trine is scarcely alluded to. One or two of the familiar 
archicarp figures are given, like that of Stahl’s section of the 
Collema thallus, but the supposed evidences of fertilization 
are passed over without serious comment. 
A valuable feature of the work is the chapter of sixteen 
pages given to the discussion of the “ Transition from the 
Cryptogams to the Phanerogams,”—a matter that receives 
very inadequate treatment in most of the text-books now in 
use. It would seem, however, that the authors could have 
been more rigidly consistent in the subsequent pages by 
avoiding such terms as “male” and “ female” in referring to 
staminate and pistillate flowers and plants. 
The work begins with the Myxomycetes and ends with the 
Aggregate, 324 pages being devoted to the Phanerogamia. 
The plan of arrangement is explained in the preface as 
