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the sclerotesta and it is obvious that the structure and 
form of the innermost layers of the sarcotesta are essen- 
tially the same as in the outer-layers of the sclerotesta. 
At the out-side is a well-differentiated epidermis and a 
hypodermal layer and there are many intercellular cavities 
and mucilage-canals within the sarcotesta. The coherence 
of sclerotesta and sarcotesta clearly indicates the existance 
of one integument and it must not be regarded as a fusion 
of two morphological surfaces. 
At the top, near the micropylar region the outer fleshy 
layer has a winglike form, but it is rather difficult to exa- 
mine this part of the sarcotesta well, on account of the 
bad condition of preservation. 
The sclerotesta in general form is ovoid, the pointed 
end corresponding with the chalazal region, whilst the 
blunt end is surmounted by the triangular micropylar 
tube, the angles being the continuation, of the sibs lower 
down. The ribs are borne by the sclerotesta, at the 
innerside of which are three corresponding grooves, 
marking the place of three sutures. Between these prin- 
cipal ribs there are two or mostly three less prominant 
ones, the secondary ribs, but with no corresponding ridges 
beneath them at the innerside of the sclerotesta. The total 
number of ribs is thus mostly twelve, but, this number 
is liable to many changes and also the grade of prominence 
is very different, so that often the three principal ribs 
only are visible. These principal ribs, when traced from 
the centre of the body of the seed to and along the 
micropylar beak, gradually become less prominent and 
ultimately disappear, whereas the grooves at the inner 
side become more and more deep. 
On thin transverse sections the sclerotesta seems to 
consist of two parts, the plane at which the different 
structure is assumed being variable. The inner zone con- 
tains longitudinally directed fibres, whereas the outer zone 
