264 
which a third papilla, the nucellus is to be seen. Accor- 
ding to him the integument would be an ovarium built 
up of two carpels. This view, that the integument is built 
up of carpels has been rejected, but if the observation 
has been correct, and separate projections are seen for- 
ming an envelopment around the nucellus, the fact remains 
the same, independent from the interpretation attached 
to this organs. 
In an other case viz. in Cupressus lusifanica he des- 
cribes a monstruosity, that is to say a metamorphosis of 
the integument into leaves. This abnormity was to be : 
seen in different grades, some ovules being transformed 
wholly into leaves, others probably bearing at their base 
the rudiment of a nucellus. 
Lateron I will discuss these observations in connection 
with the other facts. 
$ 21. Juniperus. 
Literature: Kubart (82), Nichols (97), Renner (121). 
Material: Jun. phoenica L, Bot. Gard. Lisbon. 
, sabina L. La , Vausainge 
, ‘Oxycedrus Le, »  Groningen *. 
communis L. ,, , Rome. 
The female strobilus of /uniperus is composed of 1—5 
whorls of bracts or sporophylls of which usually the 
middle one only is fertile. This fertile whorl contains 
about three sporophylls bearing one or two ovules at 
their uppersurface or sometimes on their sides. 
In Jun. communis there are three ovules alternating 
with the three sporophylls. This case has given rise to 
much discussion, for it was accepted by most botanists 
that the ovules belonged to the sporophylls, but others 
