354 
. Trace in first root. 
. Trace in cotyledon. 
Nos. l ‘and 2 jom. 
. Trace in second root. 
Ur & À D D — 
. Trace in second leaf. 
6. Nos. 4 and 5 join, and coalesce with No. 3. 
The first and second leaves are both functional. 
There is no trace of scale-like rudiments as described by Bruch- 
mann. Every root trace joins its corresponding leaf trace. Ît 
will be shown later that this is not always the case. In one 
plant, the condition corresponded exactly with that of B. lunaria. 
This plant is shown in Fig. 21. Six roots, but only two leaves 
\_d \ 
Fig. 29. 
were developed. B. simplex is an exeedingly variable form (see 
figures of Luerssen cited in Bower 3). It may be possible that 
the first leaves in this plant are functional or rudimentary 
according to the ecological conditions. On this assumption, 
it would be worth while to re-investigate the embryology of 
B. lunaria. The possibility exists that the unfavorable geolo- 
gical and edaphical conditions of that region of Thüringen in 
which Bruchmann collected his material were the cause 
of the peculiar ‘‘’backwardness” of the leaves. Campbell 
states this as an anomalous case in Helmintostachys (9). 
According to the behaviour of the first and second root, the 
third root must appear before the third leaf develops. Figs. 34 
and 35 show this condition. Both figures are longitudinal 
