362 
differences are probably due to biological influences. In B. 
lunaria the first leaves are represented by scale-like rudiments. 
In B. simplex, however, this seems to be an exceptional case. 
Out of eight plants, there was only one plant which showed this 
condition. As pointed out before, this fact is probably due to 
ecological conditions. 
There is no trace of a cauline stele, the vascular bundle con- 
sisting of leaf and root traces. The intra-medullary xylem be- 
longs probably to these traces. The plants were too youngtoshow 
secondary growth. The anatomy of the stele, and especially 
the size and shape of the pericycle agrees so closely with that 
of B. lunaria that it will occur undoubtedly at a later stage. 
The same holds for the internal endodermis. 
AU 
Dr. Lyon'’s material bore the label Botrychium neglectum, 
although the description in Britton and Brown (6) did not 
agree with its characteristics. There is no doubt, however, that 
the plant is a representative of the Eubrotrychium group, pro- 
bably B. onondagense. 
One series of cross sections from one of the oldest plants IS 
shown in Fig. 44. À very conspicuous feature in these sections 
is the double leaf trace, of which each part has its own endo- 
dermis, judging by the occurrence of conspicuous tannin cells, 
whose contents color bright green with the vesuvin. The series 
shows the junction of the first root. Plant and reconstruction of 
the vascular system above the first root are shown in Figs. 41, 42. 
We see that the leaf traces do not unite before entering the main 
bundle, as was the case in B. simplex (Fig. 22). The two bundles 
join after having joined the main bundle. Sinnott in his treatise 
on the leaf trace (1910) divides the ferns into three groups. 
a) One leaf trace; Botrychium, Helmintostachys, Euophio- 
glossum, Osmundaceae. 
