14 H. B. FANTHAM. 
this account that previous observers have failed to notice 
this feature in 8. balbianii. Iam convinced that there is 
a great tendency to attach too much importance and reliance 
to the Romanowsky coloration in protistological work, to the 
exclusion of the older and well-tried stains hike haematoxylin. 
But one needs to consider and correlate the results obtained 
by all of these stains after various fixatives by careful 
comparison and testing with observations on living material. 
With such small organisms it is difficult to differentiate 
when using iron-hematoxylin. Fixed and stained prepara- 
tions were mounted in cedar-wood oil or in Canada balsam. 
Unmounted preparations were also examined. 
Sections.—A piece of crystalline style of Anodon, known 
to be infected, was fixed in Flemming’s solution, embedded 
in paraffin, and sectionised. The sections were stained 
with hematoxylin, Giemsa’s solution, iron-hematoxylin, and 
methylene blue. In this manner various sections of Spiro- 
chetes were obtained and examined under the microscope, 
and a knowledge of their internal organisation was thus 
gathered with some difficulty (see text-fig. 6). 
GENERAL STRUCTURE. 
It would be well, I think, to give at this point a brief 
outline of the chief morphological features of these two 
Spirochetes before discussing their movements, though the 
movements of the living organisms should, it seems to me, 
be considered before a detailed examination of structures 
observed in fixed and stained preparations is undertaken. 
Spirocheta balbianii is a long, sinuous, thread-like 
organism about 50m to 150 in length, and 2u to 3m in 
breadth. It consists internally of homogeneous protoplasm 
and a diffuse nucleus in the form: of small, transversely- 
arranged rods of chromatin, about sixty in number, disposed 
at nearly equal distances along the body. Perrin has given 
to these rodlets, which are sometimes dumb-bell shaped, and 
exhibit other slight variations in size and form, the name of 
