84 ©. CLIFFORD DOBELL. 
entire body there is a well-developed cuticular layer (¢.). Its 
presence is very well demonstrated in degenerating or 
macerated monads (see p. 103). It does not appear to be com- 
posed of cellulose, as it is stained a pale greenish-yellow with 
Schultze’s solution. No striation is visible, in correlation 
with the non-contractility of this investment (see “ Move- 
ments,” infra). 
As I have already remarked, there is no connection 
between the nucleus and the flagellum. But I may here call 
attention to the fact that in stained preparations a very dis- 
tinct dark line is sometimes seen uniting the base of the 
flagellum to the nucleus. After examining a considerable 
number of monads which show this I am satisfied that it is 
really due to the cytopharynx, the animals having rolled 
over so that the cytopharynx appears to be in line with the 
flagellum, and to connect it with the nucleus, over which the 
cytopharynx has come to lie. 
I have never seen any appearances which would lead me to 
suppose that the flagellum is “ciliated” in the manner 
described by Fischer (20) in Monas and Huglena—the 
so-called “Flimmergeissel ” arrangement.' The flagellum, 
on the contrary, appears to be a perfectly regular and 
undifferentiated filament. 
MoveEMENTS. 
Copromonas displays a very characteristic series of 
movements. Under ordinary conditions it draws itself slowly 
and evenly along by means of its flagellum. When undis- 
turbed the monad uses only the anterior end of this organella 
for locomotion ; the remainder, comprising about the posterior 
three quarters, remains rigid. Stimulation, either by shaking 
or other means, causes a vibration of the whole flagellum, as 
in the case of Peranema (see Verworn [51]). In turning, 
1] think, with Plenge (82), that these appearances are due to foreign 
bodies adhering to the flagellum. . 
