498 C. GORDON HEWITT. 
was the next to study the development and working in the 
United States of America at Salem, Mass., he found that 
the larve emerge from the eggs twenty-four hours after 
deposition; the times taken by the three larval stages—for 
he found that there were two larval ecdyses—were: first, 
about twenty-four hours; the second stage, he thought, was 
from twenty-four to thirty-six hours; and the third was pro- 
bably three or four days; the entire larval life being from 
five to seven days. The pupal stage was from five to seven 
days, so that in August, when the experiments were carried ; 
on, the time from hatching to the exclusion of the imago 
was ten to fourteen days. Taschenberg (1880) incorporates 
the work of Keller and Bouche, and does not appear to add 
anything of importance to the facts already mentioned. He 
states that the female flies deposit their eggs in damp and 
rotting food-stuffs, bad meat, broth, slices of melon, dead 
animals, cesspools, and manure-heaps. He further says that 
they have also been observed laying their eggs in spittoons 
and open snuff-boxes. With reference to the last statement, 
I find that the larvee will feed on expectorated matter mixed 
with a solid substance, such as earth, if they are kept warm, 
though they cannot feed on salivary sections merely ; but, 
although flies might improvidently deposit their eggs in an 
open snuff-box, the larves would soon perish on hatching on 
account of the dry conditions. 
Howard (1896—1906) first studied the breeding habits of 
the fly in 1895 in Washington, U.S.A., and he described 
them in 1896, and more fully subsequently. He found that 
they could be rarely induced to lay their eges in anything 
but horse-manure and cow-dung, and that they preferred the 
former. The periods of development he found were as 
follows :—from the deposition of the egg to the hatching of 
the larva about eight hours; the first larval stage one day ; 
second larval stage one day; third larval stage—that is, from 
the second ecdysis to pupation—three days, and the flies 
emerged five days after the pupation of the larve, thus making 
the whole period of development about ten days. The same 
