64 



Wireworms — larvip of the click-beetles — (Elateridie. These are long, 

 ■ slender, yellov\- or brown, hard-skinned grubs, often found feeding on 

 sprouting grain, and roots of other plants. The grubs live below the sur- 

 face for two years and feed, under natural conditions, upon grass roots. 

 They are always to be expected in newly broken sod land, therefore crops 



a h 



Wireworm; Larva and adult — all three times natural size. (Chittenden, Bui. 33, Bur. of Ent., U. S. Dept. of Agr.) 



which they will not seriously injure, such as clover, barley or rye, should 

 follow grass. Fall plowing does much good in destroying the pupal cells. 

 Some farmers plow in August, harrow a week later, and cross-plow in 

 September, with good results. Prof. Forbes, of Illinois, recommends plow- 

 ing dow^n sod in autumn, and sowing to fall wheat or rye, with cloA^er on 

 these in the spring, the clover to be left for two years and then followed by 

 corn or roots. 



Onion Thrips. — A minute yellowish insect which sometimes occurs in 

 onion fields in great numbers, and from its feeding turns the tops white, 

 and finally kills them. Spray thoroughly with kerosene emulsion or fish-oil 

 soap. 



White Grubs. — These are the larvae of May or June beetles. They 

 feed normally upon the roots of grass and weeds, spending two or three 

 3'ears in the soil in the larval condition. When the grass is replaced by cul- 



May Beetle; a. beetle; b.pupa; c. larva (White Grub) — slightly enlarged. 

 (Chittenden, Bull. 19. n.s., Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agr.) 



