84 



When a pasture becomes badly infested it should be ploughed and 

 cultivated and planted to a hoed crop. 



Wild parsnip which is also common can be treated in a similar manner. 



Bladder Campion (Silene inflata, Sm.) 



Bladder Campion is a creeping perennial which is spreading rapidly 

 in Quebec. Its rootstocks penetrate the soil to a considerable depth, and 

 are difficult to kill. It spreads rapidly in hay fields that are left unbroken 

 for a series of years. Its seeds are a frequent impurity of clover and 

 timothy seed. It is impossible to eradicate this weed unless the sod is 

 broken, ploughed deeply and disc-harrowed or cultivated to starve out the 

 rootstocks, and treated to a short rotation. 



Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.), also called Hogweed and 

 Roman Wormwood. 



This annual is present almost everywhere, — in grain fields, in pastures 

 and hay fields, and along roadsides, and has become a noxious weed, in 

 spite of its being an annual. 



It flowers late in the summer, and seeds after the harvest has been 

 cut. It is very necessary that the late growth should be attended to so as 

 to prevent seeding. After-harvest cultivation with short rotations should 

 keep Ragweed in check. Care should be given to the sowing of grain, 

 clover, and timothy, for these often contain large numbers of the seeds of 

 ragweed. 



Common Mustard (Brassica sinapistrum, L.), also called Herrick or 

 Charlock. 



Mustard continues to spread at an alarming rate through the town- 

 ships. One of the worst features of the situation is the seeming indiffer- 

 ence to the weed. As a result, the soil is becoming charged with the seeds 

 of mustard which will take years of careful cultivation to eradicate. 



Mustard is an annual, and in its initial stages is readily controlled by 

 preventing the formation of the seeds. When a field becomes infested the 

 stubble land should be gang-ploughed after harvest and immediately har- 

 rowed. As soon as the seeds have had time to sprout the seedlings should 

 be destroyed by harrowing. This cultivation should be repeated at inter- 

 vals all autumn and followed by a well cultivated hoed crop the following 

 season. 



Mustard plants in grain fields can be destroyed by spraying the fields 

 with either blue-stone or green vitriol solution. The blue-stone solution 



