14 



Novius Cardinalis. 



The Australian Lady-bird (Novius cardinalis) ; a. larvae feeding on fluted scale ; b. pupa ; c. adult lady-bird ; 

 D. orange twig, showing scales and lady-birds (after Bull. 91. U.S. Dep. Agric.( 



Later, Novius cardinalis was sent to New Zealand, Portugal, Cape 

 Colony, Florida, Hawaiian Islands, Italy, Syria and Egypt, and equally 

 good results were secured. Silvestri gives the reasons for this success as 

 follo"ws: ( I ) Novius can produce in one year double the number of gener- 

 ations that Icerya can; ( 2 ) Novius feeds preferably on eggs of Icerya; 

 and ( 3 ) the absence of parasites of Novius. 



( b ) Anothei interesting examp le of successful parasitism through 

 importation in 1901 is that of Scutellista cyanea, a chalcid insect from 

 South Africa to control the Blacb Scale of the Olive ( I^ecanium oleae ) 

 of California. 



( c ) The efforts of Mr. Marlatt in 1902 to introduce ChUocorus simi- 

 lis from China to the Eastern United States for the control of the San 

 Jose Scale did not meet w^ith success on account of adverse climatic con- 

 ditions and the general practice of spraying infested orchards with lime 

 sulphur mixture. 



( d ) The West Indian Peach Scale ( Diaspis penlagona ) occurs in the 

 Southern States but is not very injurious on account of the presence of a 

 parasite, Prospaltella berlesei. Specimens of the parasite -were sent to 

 Italy where mulberry plantations were seriously injured, with the result 

 tl.at it is now w^ell established and holding the scale in check. 



(e) In 1908 the Egg parasite (Tetrastichus xanthomelaenea) of the 

 Elm Leaf Beetle ( Galerucella luteola ) was introduced into New Eng- 

 land from France. The success of the experiment is not yet assured, al- 

 though the parasite was observed to have multiplied and spread slightly 

 during the same year. 



