15 



(fi) Compere travelled much in foreign countries in an effort to se- 

 sure parasites of the Codling Moth and the Mediterranean Fruit-i'ly 

 ( Ceratitis capitata ) . In Spain he collected an Ichneumon, Calliephialtes 

 messor, a parasite of the Codling Moth, and sent it to California, where 

 it has been reared with great success. However, it has not done well in 

 the field, and the Codling Moth has not been reduced to any extent. 



( g ) In Brazil Compere found an Ichneumon fly and a Staphylinid 

 beetle feeding on the fruit-fly larvae. These he collected in large num.bers 

 and sent them to Australia, and in his optimism shouted "Victory," pre- 

 maturely. In India he collected parasites of the Bacus, a fly related to 

 Ceratitis, and bred them in large numbers in Western Australia, but whe- 

 ther they are able to control the fruit fly or not we have not heard. 



(h) In July, 1910, the Bureau of Kntomology sent R. S. Woglimi 

 to Europe and Asia in an attempt to find parasites or satisfactory pre- 

 datory enemies of the White Fly of the Orange ( Aleyrodes Citri ) , Mr. 

 Woglum found that in India the White- Fly w^as killed by a fungous dis- 

 sease, Aegerita Webberi, attacked by two coccinnellids, Veranta cardoni 

 and Cryptognatha flavescens, aaid parasitized by an Aphelinid Prospal' 

 tella Lahorensis. Unfortunately the parasites and the lady-birds died dur- 

 ing the winter season in Florida, before it w^as possible to determine 

 their possible efficiency. 



Many other cases along the foregoing lines might be cited, but 

 enough have been given to show that the plan of utilizing the parasitic 

 enemies of injurious pests is feasible, and in some instances the most ef- 

 fective w^ays of dealing w^ith im.ported pests. 



We should remem;ber that the Novius cardinalis success has never 

 been duplicated and that it stands out as an historical event in applied 

 entomology. At the same time it has resulted in giving a great stimulus 

 to the efforts to bring about insect control by means of natural ene- 

 mies. 



The Gipsy Moth in New Elngland 



The Gipsy Moth ( Porthetria dispar L. ) was introduced accidentally 

 at Medford, Mass., in 1868 by Professor Leopold Trouvelot. A few speci- 

 mens kept by the Professor for silk-worm study escaped, andl becoming 

 acclimatized began to increase. The alarm was duly given, and Dr. Riley ,• 

 then Entomologist for Missouri, refers to the progress of this colony of 

 imported moths in two of his reports. However, the spread of the insect 

 \^as slow during the first ten years but during the the second ten years 

 (1879-1889) the increase was quite marked and the inhabitants of Med- 

 ford, Melrose, Maiden and other towns became alanned. In 1889 Prof. 

 C. H. Fernald of the Massachusetts Agricultural College published a spe- 

 cial bulletin in which he gave a description of the different stages of the 

 Gipsy Moth and advised treatment by spraying with Paris Green. 



