45 



Chief among these are the Brown-tail Moth and the Gypsy Moth. The 

 latter is not yet kno\vn to be breeding in any part of Canada. The 

 Brown-tail moth has become at least temporarily established in New 

 Brunswick and Nova Scotia; but it has not yet become a pest; and it is 

 hoped that the energetic measures employed for its eradication may 

 prove effective. The conspicuous silken winter nests, containing living cat- 

 erpillars throughout the winter, cannot be confused with the work of 

 any of our native insects.. 



The Elm Leaf-beetle ( Galerucella luteola Mull ) is a most destruc- 

 tive enemy of Elms throughout the Eastern States. The adult is a small 

 dark-yellow beetle ^^nth dark stripes along the back. The adults and 

 grubs feed upon the leaves and, w^hen numerous, defoliate the trees. Great 

 numbers of elms have been killed by this insect throughout its range. 



Recently the elms ajbout Boston have been attacked by the Elm Bark- 

 beetle ( Eccoptogiaster multistriata Marsh ) a species imported from 

 Europe probably about ten years ago. It breeds between the bark and the 

 w^ood, and attacks chiefly weakenedl and unthrifty trees. A discovery of 

 these small black beetles, one eignt of an inch in length, with their whit- 

 ish grubs, beneath the bark of dying elms, should receive immediate at- 

 tention. The adult beetles bore through the bark and cut egg-tunnels 

 along the surface of the wood. From the eggs laid along the sides of 

 these egg-tunnels, the larvae or grubs hatch and mine outw^ards through 

 the inner bark. After pupating in tlie ends of these larvae-mines and trans- 

 forming to adults they cut round holes through the bark to freedom. 



A Cluster of Forest Caterpillars. 



