1864. ] Vorxoxnr on Milk, and Dairy Arrangements. 275 
pressed, is very nutritious and rich in fat,* and was found to exercise 
a decided influence upon the proportion of butter in the milk. 
Brewers’ grains are generally considered to possess a peculiarly 
stimulating effect upon the formation of the mammary gland. M. 
Struckman, of Wartburg in Germany, in 1855, published some feeding 
experiments, the results of which are of such practical importance as 
to justify an analysis of them here. 
Four good and four bad cows were selected, and the diet included 
brewers’ grains, mangolds, oat-straw, and rape-cake. 
*“ Most milk was produced by 5% lbs. of rape-cake, 36 lbs. of 
mangolds, and 25 Ibs. of oat-straw daily to each animal.” 
A reduction of 9-10ths lb. of rape-cake led to a decrease of 6°55 
litres per cow daily ; thus 1 Ib. of rape-cake represcnts an average of 
11 1b. of milk. A diminution of 6 lbs. of grains was followed by a 
reduction of 6-72 litres of milk; thus 1lb. of grains appears to have 
produced } lb. of milk. 
When 18 lbs. of brewers’ grains were replaced by 43 lbs. of rape- 
cake, the yield of milk was nearly the same; accordingly, 1 Ib. of 
rape-cake was equal to 4 lbs. of grains, in its power of producing milk. 
Rape-cake produced milk richer in butter; grains, however, pro- 
duced butter of more delicate flavour. 
Du. g the experiments, the superior cows were found to be most 
influenced by the changes of food. In the inferior animals the yield 
was tolerably uniform, notwithstanding they were subjected to the 
same dietetic changes. 
4, Morning and Evening Milk.—Popular opinion ascribes to the 
morning’s milk a superiority in quality. Observations on this point do 
not sanction the conclusion, but rather tend to establish the conviction 
that the quality of the milk depends upon the food supplied some 
hours before the cows are milked. 
If the food during the day has been plentiful and good, and the 
evening’s food innutritious and scanty, the evening milk is of superior 
quality to that drawn on the following morning. Should the cows 
eet a good supply of rich food in the evening, after having been 
stunted or fed on poor food during the day, the following morning’s 
milk will be of a higher quality than that of the preceding evening. 
Out of thirty-two samples of morning and evening milk, I found 
the morning’s produce to be richer in four cases, and poorer in eight 
cases ; whilst in four instances there was no perceptible difference. 
* Composition of Palm-nut Kernel-meal, by the Author. 
No. 1. No. 2. 
Water . . Z : . . : ~ 9°85 7:01 
Fatty matters 5 : : 5 5 a Bole! 22°45 
+ Albuminous compounds (flesh-forming matters) . 16°43 12°90 
Gum, sugar, and digestible fibre : - 26°60 26°61 
Woody fibre (cellulose). : g : 6 BOGE! 27°70 
{Mineral matters (ash) —. . : ; - 3:40 3°33 
100*00 = 100-00 
+ Containing nitrogen : . - 2°63 2°02 
{ Containing sand. ; - - 63 97 
