276 Original Articles. | April, 
5. Breed and Size of the Animal.—It may be accepted as a fact, 
that animals which indicate a peculiar aptitude to fatten, are not likely 
to be distinguished as milkers ; we do not assume that physiologically 
the two qualifications are incompatible, rather preferring the alter- 
native conclusion that so much attention has been devoted to the 
selection of stock possessing the requisite qualities for feeding, that 
the milking capabilities have been passively ignored by the breeder. 
Pure Shorthorns, as a breed, are commonly objected to on the ground 
of their deficiency in this respect, although the circumstances of some 
families of pure bred animals being celebrated for the amount and 
quality of their milk, would seem to indicate that the stigma is too 
indiscriminately affixed to this breed. 
The Yorkshire cow, essentially a Shorthorn, is the favourite of 
cowkeepers in London and other large towns, surpassing all others in 
the quantity of its yield, although the quality loses by comparison 
with that of smaller breeds. 
If breeders would make it an object to cultivate both the feeding 
and milking qualities, there is nothing in previous experience opposed 
to a successful result. 
Small breeds, or small individuals of large breeds, usually give a 
better quality of milk from the same food than large ones. The 
larger animals giving a better return in quantity, and furnishing more 
meat for the butcher, are, however, more profitable. 
Where good quality is the main object, Alderneys perhaps will 
give most satisfaction, for they give richer cream than any other breed 
in common use in thiscountry. The small Kerry cow, and the minia- 
ture Breton, produce extremely rich milk in quantity proportioned to 
their size. 
For dairy purposes in cheese districts the Ayrshire are justly cele- 
brated ; indeed they seem to possess more completely than other 
breeds the power of converting the elements of food into cheese and 
butter ; they do not, on the other hand, lay on fat and flesh well. 
A cow of this breed bought by the Duke of Atholl from Mr. Wallace, 
Kirklandholm, produced from April 11, 1860, to April 11, 1861, 
13,456 lbs., or about 1305 gallons of milk, which at 8d. per gallon 
would be worth 431. 10s. 
For general dairy purposes Shorthorns are probably the most use- 
ful. The dairy farmer will naturally select those that are more dis- 
tinguished for milking qualities than for their tendency to fatten, at 
the same time not losing sight of the latter qualification, which will 
tell when the animals are no longer profitable for his dairy. 
Health, Constitution, and Age might be enlarged upon as cireum- 
stances affecting the composition and quality of the milk: their in- 
fluence, however, is too obvious to require more than a passing 
mention. 
On Datry ARRANGEMENTS. 
Aspect.—Our great aim should. be to secure a position favourable 
for the preservation of dryness and uniformity of temperature all the 
year round. The best aspect is one facing the north, although this 
