370 Reviews. | April, 
We could have desired a more extended notice of Coke manufacture 
than that which has been given. 
The paper on Iron, by Mr. J. Lowthian Bell, is a most important 
one, and to the date of its production it may be said to have exhausted 
the subject, forming, as it were, the balanced ledger of the ironmaster. 
From this paper we learn the production of Pig Iron, for three years, 
to have been :— 
1860. 1861. 1862. 
Tons. Tons. Tons. 
Northumberland {= =o = = 69,093 73,260 46,586 
IDEN 5 5 6 oo ol ol 6 BE OO RTI 312,030 337,218 
Yorkshire—North Riding. . . 248,665 234,656 283,398 
658,679 629,946 667,202 
There were 646 puddling furnaces in action. ‘The united power 
of all these works will be equal to an annual production of 340,000 
tons, and probably the actual make during the year 1862 may have 
amounted to 300,000 tons.” The manufacture of steel is treated of in 
a very brief paper by Mr. Spencer. 
The local manufactures of lead, copper, zinc, antimony, &c., have 
been treated of by Mr. Sopwith and Dr. Richardson. Mr. Sopwith 
has naturally dealt with the lead mines of the district, and “given a 
concise account of Alston Moor, Weardale, and Teesdale. In 1862 the 
Cumberland division gave 5,241 tons of lead, and 41,911 ounces of 
silver; Durham and Northumberland giving 16,454 tons of lead, and 
82,854 ounces of silver. 
The copper ore raised in those counties is very small, but some 
copper is obtained from the sulphur ores (Iron Pyrites) which are 
employed in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Zine is obtained in 
small quantity. The ores of antimony are all imported. In addition 
to these papers, Mr. J. Lowthian Bell has given a notice of the manu- 
facture of aluminium, this paper concluding the series devoted to the 
production of the metals. 
The Chemical manufactures of the district have been described by 
Dr. Richardson, Mr. J. C. Stevenson, and Mr. R. Calvert Clapham. 
The total value of the products of these industries is stated to be 
145,520. sterling. 
As an Appendix to this, we have a note on the recent discovery of 
Salt at Middlesbro’. Messrs. Bolchow and Vaughan being anxious to 
obtain a supply of fresh water for their iron works, commenced, about 
four years ago, to sink a shaft for this purpose. This well did not 
answer their expectations, and a very large bore-hole was put down 
from the bottom of the shaft. The strata passed through are in the 
upper New Red Sandstone, or the same in which the Cheshire rock- 
salt is found. In August, the depth attained was 217 fathoms—the 
last 100 feet being through a bed of salt—at the bottom of which they 
had not at that time arrived. It is impossible to overrate the import- 
ance of such a discovery to this district, where the consumption exceeds 
100,000 tons per annum. 
Clay wares and glass are manufactures which have been long esta- 
