1864. | Geography. 473 
in point of execution are very far behind those now being issued 
under the able management of Colonel Sir Henry James and his 
assistants. Indeed, we can scarcely speak too highly of the typo- 
graphical accuracy and artistic skill exhibited in the hill-shading, 
and general portraiture of the landscape features in some of the more 
recently published 1-inch maps of the north of England and Scotland, 
arising from the general advance in this art, and the great care bestowed 
on the work, both in the field and in the offices of the survey. But 
beyond all this, it is scarcely to be endured that the great manufacturing 
and mining districts of Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Derbyshire, and 
South Wales should be put off with maps on the 1l-inch scale alone— 
while other counties which have no higher claim in point of industrial 
pursuits, or extent of population, have the advantage of maps on much 
larger scales. In the mining districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire 
the 6-inch maps are general favourites, and are very largely used for 
colliery purposes. For the mining districts of the central counties 
and Wales, similar maps would doubtless be most valuable, but in 
order to their completion new surveys will, we presume, have to be 
undertaken, and the proposition we venture to make is this, that along 
with the 6-inch maps, others on a scale of 2 inches to a mile be pub- 
lished simultaneously. The 1-inch maps, both of the Geological and 
Ordnance Surveys, might of course remain as they are. 
In Scotland the progress of the survey has lately been rapid, in 
obedience, we may suppose, to the demands of some of the Scotch 
Members of Parliament. The whole of the Lowlands, with the High- 
land districts of Perthshire, are surveyed, and are in course of publica- 
tion on the three scales of 25, 6, and 1 inch to a mile. What may be 
the object of publishing parish maps of Highland moors and moun- 
tains on the 25-inch scale we cannot devine, except perhaps for the 
purpose of defining with accuracy the lands beyond which neighbouring 
sportsmen would be liable to penalty for trespass. It strikes us, how- 
ever, that the 6-inch scale might have been sufficiently large for this 
purpose. Speaking from experience, we have never found any difficulty 
when traversing the moors of the north of England with the 6-inch 
map for a guide, in ascertaining exactly when we passed from one peat- 
bog to another across the narrowest possible ditch or line of demarca- 
tion, and in determining with certainty our position on the ground. 
As regards Ireland, the plans of every county have been engraved 
and published on a scale of 6 inches to a mile, but as the plans of the 
northern counties, which were first surveyed, were made without that 
amount of detail which is now found necessary for the local valuation 
and assessments, these maps are being revised “at a great additional 
expense.” Hence, as is frequently proved to be the case, it would 
have been cheaper in the end to have done the work well at the 
beginning. The whole of the l-inch map is engraved and published 
in outline, and the engraving of the hills is being proceeded with. 
Maps of most of the cities and towns of any importance in the 
three kingdoms are published, or drawn, on scales of 5 feet, or 10 
feet to the inch; these have been proved most useful for the purpose 
