474. Chronicles of Science. ' [ July, 
of sewage, water supply, repairs, and valuation. The following is a 
summary of the present state of the Ordnance Survey publications :— 
ENGLAND.—Area, 58,000 square miles. 
The whole has been surveyed, and, with the exception of a small part 
of the northern counties, is published on the 1-inch scale. The 6-inch 
maps of Lancashire, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Durham, containing 
9,743 square miles, have been published; the engraving of those of 
Northumberland and Cumberland is far advanced. ‘he six northern 
counties, and the southern counties of Essex, Hampshire, Kent, Middlesex, 
and Surrey, are being published on the scale of 25 inches to a mile. 
Wates.—The whole principality is published on the 1-inch scale. 
ScornanD.—Area, 30,000 square miles. 
The 1-inch maps, with hill shading, have been published to the extent 
of 5,047 square miles, belonging principally to the shires of Ayr, Wigton, 
Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Edinburgh, and Haddington, and the Isle of 
Lewis; while the whole of the tract south of the Friths of Forth and Clyde 
is engraved in outline. 
On the 6-inch scale nearly the whole of the district south of the Friths 
of Forth and Clyde has been published, with the exception of parts of the 
shires of Renfrew and Lanark. Besides these, parts of Fifeshire and the 
Isle of Lewis have been completed, making in all 7,652 square miles. 
On the 25-inch scale, plans of parishes for the counties of Ayr, Ber- 
wick, Dumbarton, Dumfries, Lanark, Linlithgow, Peebles, Renfrew, Rox- 
burgh, and Selkirk, have been published. 
Besides the above, the maps of Perthshire and Stirlingshire are in 
course of preparation, and the surveyors are carrying on their field-work 
amongst the highlands of Aberdeenshire and Argyleshire. 
TRELAND.—Area, 32,813 square miles. 
The outline maps on the 1-inch scale have been published for the whole 
country. The hill shading of these maps is in progress, and an area of 
3,557 square miles belonging to the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, 
Meath, and Dublin has been published. 
With reference to the 6-inch maps, it has been already stated that they 
have been completed fcr the whole country, but that those of the province 
of Ulster have been found to require revision. This has been, to a great 
extent, accomplished. 
VI. GEOLOGY AND PALAONTOLOGY. 
(Including the Proceedings of the Geological Society.) 
Waite new facts are generally more or less plentiful in all sciences 
of observation or experiment, new theories worth anything are few and 
far between, at any rate in Geology; and although every new fact 
must be to some extent an advance, a new theory may be, and often is, 
the cause of a decided retreat. But if a theory can withstand such a 
test as a well-directed effort at its proof, it may be considered an 
advance in science, as also may one which explains, or assists in ex- 
plaining, in a rational manner, causes of phenomena hitherto obscure. 
