1864. | Botany and Vegetable Physiology. 669 
Flora. It was found in the woods of Castle Taylor, in Galway, by 
Miss More. It has been previously known as a native of Greece, 
Malta, Algiers, south of Germany, and Portugal. 
Goodyera repens, the northern limit of which has been recorded 
as Perth and Forfar, has been found recently in large quantity by 
Mr. Claudio L. Serra in fir woods at Dalmeny Park, near Edinburgh. 
Corallorhiza innata has likewise been found in woods near Alloa by 
Dr. A. Dickson, and at Denholm Green, near Cavers. Draba rupestris 
and Sagina nivalis have been found by Professor Balfour on Stobinnain, 
a mountain upwards of 3,800 feet above the level of the sea, at the 
head of Balquidder and close to Ben More. 
In the north-western provinces of India, the following plants are 
used for poisoning food with the view of robbery, according to Dr. 
James Irving :— Datura fastuosa and alba, Aconitum ferox, Cannabis 
indica, Nerium Oleander. 
Mr. Edward Tuckermann has published observations on North 
American and other Lichens. The Lichens are chiefly those collected 
by Mr. Wright in the Island of Cuba. These specimens afford a view 
of a tropical Lichen flora as extensive and elegant as has perhaps ever 
been given. 
M. J. Duval-Jouve has published an account of the Natural History 
of the Equisetums of France, illustrated by 10 plates. In reporting 
upon it, Messrs. Decaisne, Tulasne, and Brongniart make the following 
remarks :——The genus Equisetum constitutes by itself one of the most 
remarkable families of Vascular Cryptogams. The peculiar external 
forms of these plants, the nature and disposition of their organs of 
vegetation, and the characters of their reproductive organs, isolate 
them apparently from the families near which they are placed, on 
account of resemblances in certain essential points of character. These 
plants have been long special objects of study, and of late years 
important discoveries have been made in regard to their mode of re- 
production. The researches of Thuret, Hofmeister, and Milde, from 
1848 to 1852, have shown the similarity existing between Equiseta 
and Ferns in their mode of fecundation. M. Duval-Jouve has 
extended their observations, and has issued a very complete work on 
the family. He has followed the development of the various species 
of Equisetum from the state of spore up to the fully-formed fructi- 
fication. He describes the structure of the stems, the branches, and 
the adult roots in the different species, and points out the relations 
which exist among the various tissues of which they are composed. 
He also follows the mode of development of the tissues ; the formation 
and multiplication of the cells, which, at the summit of the bud, deter- 
mine the first evolutions of the stem; the first appearance of the 
sheaths, which in these plants take the place of the leaves; and the 
formation of the stomata and the vessels. The sheaths, which at 
intervals surround the stems and branches in the plants, have generally 
been looked upon as verticils of imperfect leaves; but M. Duyal- 
Jouve shows that they are first formed as a continuous ring, the free 
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