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of the known world, even from the Indians of North America, specimens 
of whose languages were procured for her by Washington. In this 
dictionary 283 words were translated into 51 Kuropean and 149 Asiatic 
languages. The suggestions of Leibnitz gave rise during the last 
century to other works of a similar character, ‘The Catalogue of Lan- 
guages’ by Hervas, and the ‘Mithridates’ of J.C. Adelung. But 
that which gave the greatest impetus to the study of Philology was 
the commencement of the knowledge of Sanskrit in Europe. The 
first Europeans who acquired any knowledge of this tongue were 
certain Jesuit missionaries: missionaries have frequently been the 
first to become acquainted with the speech of uncivilized tribes. 
Robert de Nobili, in 1606, was the first to acquire a knowledge of this 
tongue, by adopting the habits, costume, and to a certain extent the 
religion of the Brahmins. The French missionaries sent by Louis XIV. 
under Father Pons, in 1697, followed, and their works excited the first 
curiosity felt in Europe on the subject of the language. The first 
grammar was published in Rome, in 1790, by Johann Philip Wesclin, 
better known as Paulinus a Santo Bartolemeo. The early members 
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the great Sir William Jones, Carey, 
Wilkins, Foster, Colebrooke, and others, studied assiduously the lite- 
rature of the Brahmins, and published the results of their labours for 
the benefit of other Kuropeans. 
Frederick Schlegel happened to be in England at the time when 
Sanskrit first became a subject of general discussion among the learned. 
With the prophetic insight of the poet, he saw at a glance the wide- 
spread connection of the languages of the peoples reaching from the 
Ganges to Iceland, and chronicled his idea in the scarcely yet super- 
seded word—Indo-European. Since then, step by step, the science 
has gained footing among the learned men of Germany, of England, 
of France, and of India. 
There are several reasons why philology should be studied in 
England. In the first place there is the mixed nature of our own 
language; on a groundwork of Saxon phraseology and of Saxon 
grammar we have grafted what in many cases differs but little from it, 
a good deal of Norse, much more Norman-French, and in the more 
scientific subjects Latin and Greek terms in abundance. Again, be- 
longing thus to the Low-German family of tongues, the language from 
which most of us gain our knowledge of grammar and our first acquaint- 
ance with a mode of speech not our own, is the Latin, one of the family 
of classical tongues. And lastly, our extensive dominions in the Hast 
demand on the part of many of our most independent thinkers an 
acquaintance with the eldest sister of the classical family, viz. Sanskrit, 
an acquirement which, on their return to Europe unconnected with 
the politics, the science, or the fashion of the day, gives employment 
to a learned leisure more consonant with its ‘previous employments. 
Thus philology in England has employed the horas subsectvas of many 
of our quiet thinkers, whilst the increasing demand for genuine 
classical education, combined with a knowledge of modern languages 
of the Romance, or High German type, serves to introduce the youth 
of our time to the principal branches of the Aryan family. The 
