WINTER PROTECTION. 67 
distance of three to four feet apart, not too deep, in 
pure earth, with a good proportion of the roots lying 
near the surface. Keep them clean, and well staked, 
with not more than three or four canesina hill. On 
gathering of the fruit, cut out all the old canes but 
those of the present and the last year’s growth, and 
leave not more than eight or ten of those in a hill to 
ripen for another season of bearing, one half of which 
should be transplanted in the following spring. 
On the first of September pinch back the most 
vigorous shoots, so as to check the flow of sap and 
ripen the wood. 
WINTER PROTECTION. 
The question of winter protection is a difficult and” 
important one. The ordinary custom is to leave them 
exposed in the garden to the severity of winter, and 
as a consequence, the FAsTOLF, FRANCONIA, and TRUE 
ANTWERPS, are rendered almost worthless. Even in 
Kentucky, those choice varieties require winter pro- 
tection. The easiest way is to bend the canes down 
and cover them slightly with earth. Some tie them up 
in a withe of straw, or evergreen boughs, but these 
are not always sufficient. 
We have sometimes taken up the plants in the fall, 
