PROPAGATION OF THE QUINCE. 57 
the wire, may help; or the holes may be made through 
the layer in the buried portion to stimulate its rooting 
from the callus of the wounds. The bark is sometimes 
cut nearly around the layer just below a bud, and bits of 
wood removed below this cut to induce the formation 
of a callus, from which roots are emitted. It is some- 
times necessary to fasten down stiff branches with a 
forked peg or a weight. Young shoots of thrifty trees 
make the best layers. arly spring is the best time to 
put down layers, that they may be well rooted by autumn. 
Mound Layers or Stool Layers differ from the others 
), WN 
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Fig. 27.—MOUND OR STOOL LAYERING. 
by having the earth heaped up around them instead of 
being buried in the earth. The sprouts from stumps or 
around growing trees, being well banked up, will readily 
root as high as moist earth presses against them. 
3. PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS is probably the best 
method of multiplying quince trees. Cuttings of large 
branches are better than those of small shoots. The 
amount of wood seems to measure the vital force to form 
both roots and tops. From twelve to fifteen inches is a 
good length, enabling us to plant deeply, and so guard 
against drought. Small cuttings may be cut shorter, and 
