ADDITIONAL INSECT ENEMIES. 143 
scale, natural size, while at Fig. 131 the underside 
of a young larva, and at Fig. 132 an adult female, 
both of the latter greatly enlarged, also a winged male 
at Fig. 133. 
Remedies.--Badly infested trees should be burned. 
Insecticide washes and sprays may be used on trees less 
infested. Spraying with kerosene-and-soap emulsion is 
highly recommended. ‘Trees thoroughly washed in 
winter with a saturated solution of potash, and in sum- 
mer drenched with kerosene emulsion, will be well pro- 
tected from all sorts of scale insects. Its natural ene- 
mies are the Aphelinus fuscipennis, a very minute, 
yellowish parasitic wasp, a foe to all scale insects. Two 
species of lady-birds also feed on this scale. The 
*“Twice-stabbed” lady-bird, Chilocorus bivulnerus, a 
black, hemispherical beetle an eighth of an inch long, 
with ared spot in the middle of each wing-cover. The 
other is Pentilia misclla, 1 minute black insect, scarcely 
as large as the scale it devours. 
ATTACKING THE FRUIT BUDS. 
A very small scarabeid beetle, the Valgus canalicu- 
latus, spends its larval stage in rotten wood. It is 
numerous enough some years to do considerable damage, 
eating out the fruit buds when they are small. <A spray 
of arsenical poisons is all that is needed to destroy them, 
ATTACKING BOTH BUDS AND LEAVES. 
THe Eyer-Spotrep Bup Motu (Zmetocera ocellana) 
is closely allied to the codlin moth, which it resembles 
in size and form. Its generic name is from the Greek 
word, signifying cut-horned, the base of the antennez of 
the male having a notched appearance. The specific 
name is ocellana, from the Latin for eye-like, because of 
the eye-like appearance of a spot on each front wing. 
It was common in Eurcpe over a century ago, and is 
now widely distributed in America. It has borne differ- 
