ADDITIONAL INSECT ENEMIES. 145 
opening spring the little brown larve leave their winter 
quarters, resuming their destructive work, first in the 
buds, and later upon the leaves. They are full grown in 
June and July and then about half an inch long (Fig. 
135), and pupate ten days in a silken tube or cocoon 
among the leaves they have killed. Fig. 136 presents a 
ventral view, and Fig. 137 a dorsal view of a pupa, 
twice natural size. When the moths emerge they keep 
very quiet through the day with their wings folded roof- 
like over the body, looking like the bark of the tree. 
At night they pair, and lay their eggs singly or in clus- 
ters of two to seven. The larval period extends over a 
part of two years, but they are single brooded. 
Remedies.—In Europe five species of parasites, and in 
the United States three others, prey upon this pest. 
Besides these, the large mudwasp, Odynerus Catskillen- 
sis, paralyzes this and other like larve, and puts them 
in cells of mud as food for its own young in its larval 
stage. Birds also destroy them. Hand-picking has 
been tried, but is impracticable on a large scale. But 
for the protection of their webs we could destroy them 
with kerosene emulsion. Paris green at the rate of a 
pound to one hundred and fifty gallons of water may be 
combined with Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide, and 
accomplish a double protection. ‘This treatment will be 
most effective if applied when buds and leaves are ex- 
panding, as then it eats part of a bud or leaf in one 
place, or the side of a flower in another, so as to do the 
most damage. Dr. Riley recommended burning fallen 
leaves in autumn, and this is advisable in all orchards 
and gardens for the destruction of hibernating insects 
and many fungous diseases. 
ATTACKING THE FRUIT. 
THe AppLtE Worm or Copiin Mori (Carpocapsa 
pomonella, Linn.), was brought to America about 1800, 
