FUNGI INJURIOUS TO THE QUINCE, 149 
dant upon the hawthorn fruit, but it is only when upon 
the quince that it becomes of special interest to the 
fruit-growers. 
It is important to know that the rust grows on the ju- 
niper in one of its forms. If the spores from the juniper 
galls were prevented from going to the quince, the trouble 
in the orchard would soon be at anend. Again, if it 
were only between the junipers and the quinces the case 
would be simpler; but as it is, there are the Juneberry 
and the hawthorns which serve as breeders of the trouble- 
some parasite in the hedgerow and wood lot. 
The rusts (and there are hundreds of kinds upon as 
many different species of plants) are not subdued by 
spraying with fungicides; at least, this defensive art has 
not been successfully practiced with them. They are 
deep-seated, gross-feeding fungi, and haye done the 
larger part of their harmful work before their presence 
is manifest. Properly timed, there is but little doubt 
that spraying would check germination of the spores as 
they come from the cedar galls, borne by the early spring 
breezes. But knowing that the quince rust is associated 
with the galls of the cedars, the best thing to do is to 
destroy these trees and shrubs in the vicinity of the 
orchard. The largest kind of cedar galls are associated 
with a rust of the apple. 
Tue Quince Fruit Spot (Lntomosporium macula- 
tum, Ley.).—When the quinces approach their normal 
size, small brown spots appear, which soon enlarge, be- 
come confluent and turn to almost a black color. The 
decay is quite superficial and the ripe fruit thus spotted 
may be used, but the size is not what it would other- 
wise have been, and the price of the unsightly fruit is 
much reduced thereby. 
This spotting is due to a fungus that, upon the pear, 
has been known for a long time as the one causing the 
cracking of the fruit, and on account of the peculiar 
