FUNGI INJURIOUS TO THE QUINCE, 159 
similar substances. In Fig. 145 is shown a quince with 
striking forms of decay. 
In this connection one cannot dismiss, without a word, 
the thought that when fruits are nearing maturity they 
are approaching also that condition when vitality is at a 
low ebb, the seeds within the flesh being the only por- 
tions abounding with life. It therefore follows that 
fruits may be subject to both fungi that prey upon liv- 
ing tissue and those which are satisfied with the non- 
living organic substances. 
The importance of keeping the natural barrier against 
this latter class, in all its strength, cannot be easily over- 
estimated; in other words, the skin, if preserved un- 
broken, will shut out the larger portion of the fruit 
enemies of a fungous nature. Fungi that work upon 
the skin and go no deeper may be among the most de- 
structive kinds, because they provide an easy entrance 
for forms of moulds that otherwise would be excluded. 
TREATMENT. 
In view of the fact that the quince fruit is subject to 
many enemies, some making a vigorous attack, as the 
rust in early summer, and others, as the fruit spot and 
the black rot, soon arriving, while later on several spe- 
cies make havoc, it follows that any treatment, to be 
most effective in preventing the destruction, must begin 
early in the season. 
The two compounds that merit full commendation 
here for their effectiveness in checking the ravages of 
fungi in the orchard are the Bordeaux mixture and 
cupram (ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate). 
The following are the formule for preparing these 
fungicides : 
(1) The Bordeaux mixture— 
Sulphate of copper, 6 pounds 
Quicklime, 4 pounds 
Water, 22 gallons 
