HISTORY OF ORCHID HYBRIDISATION. 



P. longifolium and P. Schlimii, and yielding respectively P. X Ainsworthii 

 (calurum), and P. cardinale, may be mentioned as two familiar examples. In 

 each case they exhibit a partial return to the characters of the original 

 species. One of them has been carried further, for P. X cardinale has been 

 re-crossed with P. Schlimii, yielding P. X Ada (see p. 226), in which P. 

 Schlimii is represented three times over, thus giving seven-eighths of that 

 , species and only one-eighth P. longifolium. In a similar way Dendrobium 

 X Ainsworthii has been re-crossed with D. x nobile, yielding D. x Rubens, 

 and with D. aureum, yielding D. X Gem; while Lgeliocattleya X 

 Schilleriana has been re-crossed with Cattleya intermedia, yielding L.-c. X 

 Zampa, and with Laelia purpurata yielding L.-c. X Horniana. There are 

 even smaller degrees of difference. For example, Phragmopedilum x 

 Sedenii has been crossed with both P. X Ainsworthii and P. X cardinale, 

 and although the parents are themselves separated by only a fractional 

 difference (one eighth) the respective hybrids have received separate names. 

 We have left them as P. X Lemoinierianum and P. X Rosy-Gem, but it 

 will be seen that the interval separating the original. P. longifolium and P. 

 Schlimii has been almost filled up by a series of slightly differing inter- 

 mediate forms, involving a very difficult question of nomenclature. 



Secondary Hybrids combining Three Species may result from the 

 intercrossing of primary hybrids with a third species, as in the case of 

 Lgeliocattleya X fausta, just mentioned, or from the union of primary 

 hybrids that have one parent in common, as in the variable Paphiopedilum 

 X Charlesianum, whose parents, P. X Leeanum and P. X nitens, are both 

 partly derived from P. insign<^. Combinations of three species may also be 

 formed by crosses of increased complexit}'. It is among hybrids formed by 

 the union of three distinct species that the remarkably wide range of 

 variation observed among secondary hybrids is first met with. Paphio- 

 pedilum X aureum and P. X Hera may be mentioned as two of the most 

 familiar examples, but man}' others could be enumerated. 



Hybrids combining four species result from the intercrossing of 

 primary hybrids whose original parents are all different ; also from more 

 complex crosses. For example Paphiopedilum X Harri-Leeanum was 

 derived from P. X Harrisianum and P. X Leeanum, and thus is composed of 

 equal parts of P. barbatum, villosum, insigne and P. Spicerianum, but the 

 same four species were combined when P. Spicerianum and P. X oenanthum 

 were united to form P. X Figaro, though the proportions are different. In 

 this the amount of P. Spicerianum blood is doubled, while that of P. 

 barbatum and P. villosum is reduced by one-half. Again, in P. X 

 Brunianum, raised from P. X Leeanum and P. X oenanthum, the same 

 four species appear, but here we get half P. insigne and a quarter of P. 

 Spicerianum, while P. barbatum and P. villosum are represented as in P. X 



