62 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 



or more. From the main ridge tongues of flat land project 

 out between tributary streams on both sides. 



In the southern portion of the Richland Center quad- 

 rangle in Wisconsin the summits of many of the divides 

 are nearly flat and noticeably accordant in their levels. 

 These divides are spurs and outliers of a wide, continuous 

 area of gently rolling land known as Military Ridge, ex- 

 tending east and west in the northern part of the Lancaster 

 and Mineral Point quadrangles. Military Ridge is unbroken 

 from Bj-adtville to Blue Mounds, a distance of over 60 miles. 

 On or near its summit, Bradtville, Patch Grove, Mount 

 Hope, Mount Ida, Fennimore, Preston, Montfort, Cobb, Ed- 

 mund, Dodgeville and Mount Horeb are located. Connect- 

 ing these towns are good high roads, v/hose grades are low 

 and on which bridges are noticeably few in number. From 

 Fennimore to Blue Mounds, the ridge is utilized for the 

 road bed of a branch of the Chicago and Northwestern 

 Railway. 



In the north half of the Galena? and Elizabeth quad- 

 rangles in Illinois, the highest surfaces are the tops of 

 isolated mounds or short dendritic ridges which include 

 only very small patches of flat land, but which have accord- 

 ant levels at about 1150 feet A. T. In the south part of 

 these two quadrangles there are many long, continuous, 

 dendritic, flat-topped ridges whose summit areas are the 

 sites of homos, farms and ridgeroads. These ridges have 

 an average altitude around 1,000 feet. At about this alti- 

 tude there are thousands of acres of excellent farm land. 

 In the north part of these quadrangles the summit levels 

 are 450 feet above the beds of the main streams, and in the 

 south part they are 350 feet above drainage. 



There are no extensive summit levels in Iowa, although 

 upland plains exist. Between Waukon and Church and ex- 

 tending west from Waukon toward Decorah, east through 

 Elon, and southeast to Rossville, there are dendritic stream 

 divides whose summits are much more nearly flat than the 

 surrounding surface, and are the sites of villages, main 

 roads and farms. The maximum relief of this surface is 

 less than 100 feet (1200-1300). Upland flats arc also known 



