38 



IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 



Palpi porrect; second joint with shaggy vestiture in some 

 species, smooth in others, and of mixed scales and hair. Anten- 

 nae slightly less than one-half as long as primaries ; club elongate 

 oval, flattened, blunt. Costa of primaries more or less flattened ; 

 outer margin rounded, sometimes evenly and sometimes more 

 strongly toward the apex. Cell less than two-thirds as long as 

 wing; vein 5 slightly nearer to 6 than to 4; position of 2 and 

 3 very variable. Secondaries broadly rounded with a slight in- 

 dication of an anal lobe, to sub-trigonate with the outer margin 



Fig. 11. Besperia. Antennal clubs: a. vivella, b. ericetorun\ c. 

 and d. tessellata, two views, e. syrichtus, i. ma-caira, g. Neuration 

 of tessellata, h. Outer niargin of secondary of syrichtus, i. Outer 

 margin of secondary of nivella, j. Costal margin and ai)ex of pri- 

 mary of nivella, k. same of syrichtus, 1. Detail of neuration, pos- 

 terior margin of cell of centaureae, m. Same of nivella 



slightly wavy. Secondary sexual characters of males the costal 

 fold, tibial tuft, and abdominal lobes; one or more of these 

 characters may be absent. Fig. 11, 



The North American species have hitherto been placed in three 

 genera, based chiefly on secondary sexual characters. Barnes 

 and McDunnough made a step in advance by avoiding these 

 characters in their Contributions m, pp. 121-2, where they re- 

 mark: "A better means of separation of Pyrgus [including 

 syrichtus, montivaga and philetas] from Hesperia (Scelothrvx) 

 than that given by Dyar, and one that would include both sexes 

 appears to be found in the palpi; in. Pyrgus they are only 

 slightly upturned and the clothing under a strong lens is seen 

 to be rather even and composed largely of scales with a few hairs 



