22 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 



other plants. As a rule in the crinoids, as in many, if not most, 

 other sedentary and fixed types, the pigment is more or less dis- 

 tributed throughout the entire animal (it may even be chiefly or 

 entirely internal in some of the Polyzoa) as in most of the plants 

 used for dyeing purposes, and is not chiefly or exclusively super- 

 ficial as in most active animals. When it is recalled that t'le 

 variations in the symmetry of flowers are duplicated with great 

 exactness in the zooids of the fixed animal types and in the 

 crinoids, the odorous features of the Menthaceae, most Solana- 

 ceae, etc., are equally characteristic of sponges, the acrid juice of 

 the BrassicaceaB is duplicated in most coelenterates (small mille- 

 pores are called ''sea ginger" in Barbados), the pleasant odor 

 of many plants is equally a feature of Flustra and other marine 

 animals, etc., etc., the comparison between the fixed and seden- 

 tary animals and the plants is seen to be quite justified. 



Annotated List of the Species Obtained 



Family Comasteridae 



Subfamily Capillasterinae 



Nemaster iowensis (Springer) 



Actinometra iowensis 1902. Springer, American Geologist, vol. 

 30, p. 98 (Florida reefs, 3 feet).— 1903. Springer, Bull. Lab. 

 Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 217-221, plate 1. 



Nemaster iowensis 1909. A, H. Clark, Vid. Medd. fra den natur- 

 hist. Foren. i Kobenhavn, 1909, p. 118. 

 Station 53 : 



Arms only; "arms black, pinnules lemon yellow at tips, shad- 

 ing into black." 



Station 97: 

 Arms only. 

 Station 98 : 

 Arms only. 

 Station 99: 

 Arms only. 

 Station 100: 

 Arms only. 



