CULTURE. 73 



one column to another, by means of small iron 

 cliains (strong iron wire will do) may be seen at 

 Broxburn Bury, near Hoddesdon, the seat of 

 — Bosanquet, P]sq. They also form elegant 

 and graceful standards ; like the Ayrshire roses, 

 their shoots are pendulous, and soon hide the 

 stem, in a few years forming a pretty dome of 

 foliage and flowers ; for covering the naked stems 

 of forest or ornamental trees they are also very 

 useful, as their roots will not injure the tree 

 which supports them ; and if strong copper wire 

 is brought loosely round the trunk of the tree to 

 support their branches, they will give scarcely 

 any trouble in such situations. To make them 

 grow vigorously, give them a supply of manure 

 on the surface annually, in the autumn, to be 

 carried to their roots by the rains of winter. Like 

 the Ayrshires, standard sempervirens roses liter- 

 ally require no pruning. I have them as stand- 

 ards, as pillars, and as masses of underwood ; the 

 dead spray is cut out, and no other pruning done; 

 for the wild beauty of standards is entirely de- 

 stroyed by it ; occasionally a very long shoot will 

 have to be shortened, and that is all. 



Several years ago I received, among others, 

 some very stout short stocks of the Dog-rose ; 

 they were not more than two feet in height, but 

 stouter than a large broom-handle, the bark thick 

 and grey with age : they were planted and grew 

 most luxuriantly. I was for some little time at 



