214 SUKFACE-DRESSINQ. 



In light soils with subsoils of chalk, gravel, ar 

 sand, Standard Roses cannot be successfully culti- 

 vated wtthout abundant surface manures and 

 biennial removal. In such soils. Pyramidal Roses, 

 as described in p. 114, on the Manetti stock, and 

 dwarf roses in the same stock are alone adapted, 

 and if planted as directed in p. 207, they will 

 abundantly reward the cultivator. 



SURFACE-DRESSING. 



To cultivate roses in perfection, and more par- 

 ticularly standards, they should have annual sur- 

 face dressings of manure, or some rich compost. 

 For standards or pillar roses on lawns, presum- 

 ing that the usual circle of bare earth is round 

 each tree, as recommended in p. 36, common 

 manure should always be applied in autumn, 

 about two shovelfuls to each tree. Its effects 

 are gradually washed down to the roots diuring 

 winter. 



Night-soil, mixed with the drainings of the 

 dunghill, or even with pond or ditch water, so as 

 to make a thick liquid, and applied once or twice 

 in winter, giving one or two gallons to each tree, 

 will be found of great use. Brewers' grains, after 

 being fermented in a heap two or three weeks, 



