CAUSES OF FAILURE. 123 



outgrows the Quince, and produces a deformity. All 

 these difficulties have been remedied, or avoided 

 altogether, by planting so deeply that the Quince is 

 entirely beneath the ground, for the office of the Quince 

 is entirely as a root^ and never as a trunk. 



CAUSES OF THE FAILURE OF THE PEAR ON THE QUINCE. 



The introduction of new plants, or of novel modes 

 of cultivating old ones, is always attended with many 

 failures, arising from insufficient knowledge of the 

 conditions necessary to the success of the experiments. 



Tlie value of the Quince as a stock for the Pear has 

 been a subject of much dispute ; but candid observers, 

 aiming only at the exact truth, have settled into the 

 conviction, that its failure for this purpose has pro- 

 ceeded in every instance from some neglect of the 

 necessary conditions of its growth. The causes of 

 failure may be summed up as follows : 



First — In the heat of the first demand for pear trees 

 upon quince stocks, many thousands of the common 

 or Portugal Quince were used. This variety is entirely 

 unfitted for this purpose, by its slow growth, and 

 slight assimilation with the Pear, and the small size it 

 attains. 



Second — All the varieties of pear were at first indis- 

 criminately grown on the Quince, without regard to 

 their fitness. But it is now well ascertained that only 

 a limited number of our finer pears are entirely 

 adapted to the Quince. 



Third — The office of the Quince in the double tree 

 being wholly mistaken, it was planted as it stood in 

 the nursery, often witli the juncliou of the two species 



