16G PKUNING. 



produced at the proper distances, and fastened as 

 before, guarding, however, against allowing horizontal 

 shoots to be produced more rapidly than a strong, 

 vigorous growth will permit. 



The term Quenouille is misapplied in fruit-books. 

 It is now applied in France only to trees of the form 

 represented in Fig. 5i. 



Arched training, as shown in Fig. 55, is nearly 

 abandoned in France and Belgium. It is generally 

 confessed to have produced the most iigly and ill- 

 shapen trees imaginable, besides requiring immense 

 labor and unremitting care. It consisted in tying 

 down the ends of shoots to pegs on the ground, until 

 a drooping habit had been produced, or the check of 

 Bap by the compressm-e has induced fruit-bearing. 



EIXES FOK PKUXIXG. 



1. Cut near a wood-bud when j)runing to perfect 

 the shape. 



2. Prune severely in the spring those branches 

 that are desired to grow vigorously. 



3. Pinch in summer and partially deprive of leaves 

 those branches that grow too ^vigorously and absorb 

 too much sap. 



4. Tliin, weakly shoots should either be pruned 

 close, or left entire with a terminal bud : the more 

 vigorous ones being, at the same time, stopped by 

 pinching. 



5. Let the severest pruning be performed on the 

 tree when young. 



6. To develop fruit-buds, break, pinch, or twist the 

 shoots above the buds intended to be developed. 



