42 PLANTING. 



winds are blowing or the sun is not powerful. But you 

 cannot be too careful in this respect. I have seen 

 gardeners lay out a hundred trees for planting all in 

 position, with roots exposed to the air and sun, break 

 off for lunch, and by the time the last tree was planted 

 you can realise the state of the roots. Add to this the 

 uncertainty as to how long a tree has been out of the 

 ground before it arrived, and you will see the necessity 

 for care. Let us plant our climbers for arches and 

 pillars first, and then we will put in our wall climbers. 

 The reason for this is that the wall climber should be 

 planted and nailed up at one time, whilst the other 

 climbers can be planted and tied up roughly, and then 

 be arranged later if time is pressing. However, it is 

 wisest to tie in position every shoot as soon as pos- 

 sible, for, once they start into new growth, if great 

 care is not taken these tender shoots easily get rubbed 

 off, and second shoots from the same eye are never so 

 strong as the first. As regards depth at which to 

 plant, this, with all trees, should be about the same, 

 with the exception of standards, which may be planted 

 a little deeper. If you look at a tree that has come 

 from the nursery, you will see a soil mark on the stem 

 showing the depth at which it was planted before, and, 

 generally speaking, it will be found to be four inches. 

 This is deep enough so long as the point of union with 

 stock and bud is just covered when the soil round 

 the tree has been firmed down and all has been finished. 

 It must be remembered that every year additional cover- 

 ing will be added in the nature of manure, which soon 

 becomes soil. It is dangerous to the life of the tree to 

 plant too deep. If the budding has been done care- 

 lessly, so that the point of union is too high up the 

 stock, it is far safer to leave it above the level of the 

 soil than plant deep so as to cover it. In any case, get 

 out a hole to the depth of about six inches, and wide 

 enough to allow all the roots to rest flat on the bottom ; 

 spread ihe roots out so that they rest horizontally in 

 all directions. Do not let roots run upwards or cram 

 them in or twist them round the hole to save trouble. 

 Try and avoid letting roots cross each other; a little 



